Site Ed. Note: The front page reports that Winston Churchill had stated at Blackpool before a national conference of the Conservative Party that the Labor Government was vacillating without any plan or policy with respect to Palestine, causing distrust by both Arabs and Jews. He also criticized the Attlee Government for its mishandling of the issue of Indian independence, causing what he predicted would become a bloody conflict regarding the proposed division of the country to afford an autonomous Moslem state of Pakistan.

He criticized the reduction of the British Empire, with the loss of India and soon perhaps Burma, to a quarter of its previous size, all while Russia expanded.

He also expressed approval of the Government policy of extending friendship to Russia provided the Russians would reciprocate.

Prime Minister Attlee meanwhile had sent a confidential response to President Truman regarding the latter's statement the day before urging the British immediately to allow the immigration of refugees from Europe into Palestine prior to the coming of winter and to support a separate Jewish state within Palestine rather than dividing the country between Arab and Jewish sections subject to American and British control.

The British objected to disclosure by the President of his statement and to the setting of a 100,000-person goal for immigration, believing that the Jewish Agency might have accepted a smaller quota without the President's expression of a minimum number.

Former First Lord of the Admiralty A. V. Alexander was, according to sources in London, to become Britain's new Minister of Defense. War Secretary J. Lawson was leaving the Government and Colonial Secretary George Hall was succeeding Mr. Alexander. The new War Secretary was to be Fred Bellinger, a veteran of Dunkerque, who had been Financial Secretary. The new Colonial Secretary was Arthur Creech Jones. Both offices were responsible for Britain's policy in Palestine.

There was speculation that Prime Minister Attlee's strenuous objection to the Truman Yom Kippur statement was to allay suspicion that the Cabinet shakeup, planned for months, was in response to the statement.

*The British press predicted a new wave of violence in the Holy Land in response to the President's Yom Kippur statement. A spokesman at 10 Downing Street, while not revealing the contents of the Attlee reply, stated that the British intended to stand by the League of Nations mandate which it had with respect to Palestine since after World War I and was not obligated to accept the suggestions of the United States.

Yeah? And we Yanks, Tommy, aren't obligated either to come over there next time and protect your little slimy-Limey, priggish rear ends the next time you get into trouble with Fritz or Boris.

*Wes Gallagher of the Associated Press reports of the de-Nazification laws in the American zone, about to be approved by the Allied Control Council to extend to all four zones. They provided for trial and sentence up to ten years for crimes of the general staff of the former Nazi German state and of those responsible for domination and exploitation of foreign peoples and the devastation of Germany after it was invaded by the Allies. The defendants were considered guilty until proved otherwise, meaning the burden of proof of innocence was upon the defendant, the reverse of the Anglo-Saxon jurisprudential code imposing the burden on the prosecution to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. When first proposed to the Chief Justice of the Nuremberg Tribunal, Geoffrey Lawrence, he recoiled at the prospect of another trial of the three defendants acquitted at Nuremberg because he thought it an offense to principles of double jeopardy.

Typically, however, even under American jurisprudence, double jeopardy principles do not apply when a different jurisdiction tries a defendant twice for an offense based on the same facts. For instance, a defendant may be acquitted of murder in a state trial and yet subsequently be tried and convicted for a civil rights violation under Federal law without offending double jeopardy, though both offenses are premised on the exact same facts.

*In any event, the American attitude had been that the War Crimes Tribunal had heard crimes against the world while the German people still had the right to try defendants for crimes against the Germans.

Meanwhile, of the three acquitted defendants, Franz von Papen, Hjalmar Schact, and Hans Fritsche, the latter two were free pending trial by the de-Nazification court in Munich and would have the protection of the German police. Von Papen's request to enter the French zone had been refused by the French and he remained in jail. The British had refused entry to all three.

Three of the eleven Nazis convicted at Nuremberg, Ernst Kaltenbrunner, sentenced to death, Albert Speer, sentenced to twenty years, and Baldur von Schirach, also sentenced to twenty years, did not appeal to the Allied Control Council.

Emmy Goering, wife of condemned prisoner Hermann Goering, had been denied by the German de-Nazification board the privilege to resume her acting career in Germany. The American Military Government stated that it would also deny her the privilege if she sought it. She had acted under the name Emmy Sonneman.

After three days of unending work and a 28-hour marathon session, the five commissions at the Paris Peace Conference had completed work on all five treaties before the conference, for Finland, Hungary, Rumania, Bulgaria, and Italy. The treaties would now come before the full 21-nation conference for approval.

According to Allied headquarters in Italy, a British plane had been forced down the previous day near Nis in Yugoslavia. The plane was allowed to land safely and there were no casualties reported.

The situation was aggravated, however, by the prior instances of shooting down by Yugoslavia of two American planes, one on August 9 and the other on August 19, the second resulting in five deaths of Americans. In the wake of those incidents, Marshal Tito had promised there would be no recurrence. The two incidents occurred on the other side of Yugoslavia from Nis.

The State Department urged American businessmen to protest at once against proposed nationalization of 900 businesses by the Soviet-dominated Polish Government. Of these firms, 513 would not be compensated as having been owned allegedly by German interests or the German Government during occupation. Some of the 513 businesses appeared to be owned by Americans and the seizure by the Germans had been without their consent.

In China, Communist forces closed in on Paoting, capital of Hopeh Province.

In the Taikyu region of Southeastern Korea, rioting mobs caused the deaths of 59 Korean police officers and seriously wounded 20 others before U.S. troops restored order. Koreans claimed the mob was comprised of Communists opposing U.S. presence.

In Japan, it was reported that the entire Japanese Air Force was now gone, the remains at the end of the war melted down for scrap.

The Labor Department presented a proposal to settle the latest maritime strike, but no word had come as to whether unions and operators would accept it.

The White House denied that the President had entered any deal with Senator Harley Kilgore of West Virginia regarding protection from further investigation of Congressman Andrew May until after the election. Senator Kilgore's Republican opponent had so charged the previous day.

Meeting in San Francisco, the American Legion endorsed the combining of the armed forces under a Department of Common Defense. It also wanted Congress to rescind the on-the-job training bill for veterans and criticized V.A. director General Omar Bradley, in charge of its administration. It also endorsed universal military training and urged overhaul of the court martial system.

In Jacksonville, Fla., Governor-nominate Eugene Talmadge had been hospitalized with a stomach hemorrhage. He would die before the end of the year, before taking office, setting off a controversial fight as to who should be his successor.

The Pacusan Dreamboat continued on its way from Honolulu to Cairo over the North Pole, having completed 60 percent of its 10,300 mile journey, passing over Reykjavik, Iceland, by noon this date. The crew anticipated reaching Cairo in 41 to 43 hours from departure, before dawn on Sunday. It was now headed toward London, flying at 250 mph, ahead of schedule. If sufficient gasoline remained at Cairo, it was planning to fly another 700 miles to Wadi Halfa.

The Army clarified that "Pacusan" stood for "Pacific Air Command, U.S. Army", with the "n" simply tacked on for good measure.

"A Porterhouse on Every Plate" states the handwriting on the wall was that no meat would be available before December. Chester Bowles had advanced the argument that the Republican cattlemen were deliberately seeking to withhold meet to embarrass the Administration to the benefit of Republican Congressional candidates. The piece mocks this notion as false logic.

The President appeared to have endorsed both removal of controls on meat prices and leaving them in place. Editorial cartoonist Jim Berryman of The Washington Star had produced a cartoon in which the Hoover campaign promise of 1928, that there would "A Chicken in Every Pot", was crossed out and supplanted by "A Porterhouse on Every Plate".

It concludes that the average citizen was left bewildered, and might as well make up his mind to become a vegetarian, that there would be no meat on the plate until after the election.

"The Meatball Was a Harbinger" comments on the gangland shooting death out in Hollywood of Benny "The Meatball" Gamson, suggesting it as a harbinger of a return to normalcy. The way it had been reported by the Associated Press, devoid of wartime connections to spy rings and subject to the interest of intelligence offices, was refreshing.

But, it reserved judgment on the matter until after the funeral, because there might yet turn up the proverbial "Mysterious Woman in Black".

It concludes: "R.I.P., Meatball."

A piece from the Winston-Salem Sentinel, titled "Discrimination in the Air?" takes up the cudgels against the provision of air routes to larger cities at the expense of the South, neglecting the fact that some Southern cities had commercial value far out of proportion to their populations. Winston-Salem was one such city. It was seventh in the nation in terms of commercial traffic, having tobacco, hosiery, textile, and furniture manufacturing.

Drew Pearson tells of a backstage fight occurring between New York Stock Exchange president Emil Schram and Federal Reserve Board chairman Marriner Eccles, regarding the Government's ban on margin-buying. Mr. Schram wanted the ban lifted to enable credit purchase of stocks to rehabilitate the falling market, suffering its greatest monthly loss in its history during September, with securities dropping eight billion dollars in value, twice that of October, 1929 during the Crash. Mr. Eccles argued that the only thing preventing the drop from becoming a major disaster was the inability of investors to buy on margin to try to cover their losses.

Marquis Childs tells of Sweden affording a view into the Soviet Union via returning visitors. A major change appeared to have occurred since the previous spring, involving tighter security regulations on individuals, leading to a grimness in Moscow. While foreign guests in hotels facing Red Square had always been required to vacate their front rooms during the May Day parade, recently they were required to maintain their windows shut during a minor sports parade. One offender who cracked his window was visited by security police who warned that if it happened again he would be deported.

Samuel Grafton remarks that the basis for the convictions of several of the eleven Nuremberg defendants condemned to death, that they planned or conspired to plan the war, had never previously been utilized as a basis for war crimes. He asks where, vis-a-vis such a legal theory, stood Americans who were advocating preemptive war against Russia, a position not dissimilar to that of Hitler in 1939.

A letter from Charlotte City Attorney C. W. Tillett suggests that the Nuremberg verdicts were to international law what the atomic bomb was to physics. The verdicts of judges from the Big Four nations served to hold accountable those waging aggressive war.

A letter responds with applause for the October 2 editorial "The Precedents of Nuernberg", which suggested that the negative side of the precedent set was that henceforth, the rule would apply that to the victors go the right of condemnation of the vanquished. The letter writer is glad that the Japanese did not adopt the rule at the beginning of the Pacific war after it had conquered the Philippines, Hong Kong, Shanghai, the East Indies, and most of Burma and Thailand, lest many of the Allied officers would have been tried and executed.

Of course, he neglects to realize that many officers were summarily tried and executed, sometimes accused of being spies, but on trumped-up accusations. The rest were simply starved practically to death, quite unlike the treatment of the Japanese held in the prisoner of war camps in the United States. He apparently forgot about the Bataan Death March of April, 1942.

*Denotes story not on front page of The News, culled from front pages of other newspapers of this date.