Tuesday, August 7, 1945

The Charlotte News

Tuesday, August 7, 1945

FOUR EDITORIALS

Site Ed. Note: The front page follows up on the news of the previous day regarding the atomic bomb which was dropped on Hiroshima, with a tight lid of censorship having clamped on the reports.

Tokyo radio suggested that Japanese military leaders were profoundly disturbed by the development and believed that multiple bombs had hit the Hiroshima army base. Osaka radio declared, in understatement, that several trains in Hiroshima Prefecture had been canceled. Imperial Headquarters declared that the bomb was parachuted before detonation and exploded before hitting the ground, the latter being a correct statement.

Domei, in usual propagandistic statements, declared that the use of the bomb was "inhuman".

For the first time, eyewitnesses to the Trinity blast told the press of its devastating effects on July 16 and that the blast had been felt over the course of 250 miles.

It was widely believed that the atomic blast would lead to a new ultimatum being provided Japan.

It was being speculated that Tokyo or one of the other major cities of Japan would be next on the list to receive an atomic bomb.

British scientists were reported to be in favor of open publication of the atomic bomb's scientific basis.

The port of Tarumi on Kyushu had been bombed by 400 planes from the Far East Air Forces on Sunday in the heaviest incendiary raid yet on a single objective out of Okinawa. The planes included 300 Mitchell bombers, the bulk of the force, Liberators, Thunderbolts, and Mustangs. Only one enemy interceptor was encountered.

The captured Japanese ship full of arms and well men which was masquerading in the area of Timor as a hospital ship was brought into port by American authorities. It was one the larger hauls of Japanese prisoners during the war, with over 1,100 men aboard.

In Port Arthur, Ontario, at least 13 people died in a wheat elevator blast.

If you believe in spooky omens, consider it in relation to the silos which ultimately would be developed for land-based missiles with nuclear warheads during the Cold War, not to mention the controversial Russian wheat deal of the early 1960's, what one might call Red wheat, or Dulcinea as you please.

Hal Boyle presents his second installment on visiting the home of the late Ernie Pyle in Dana, Indiana. Mr. Pyle's Aunt Mary had related of a little bird trying to build its nest atop the electric light meter on the front porch for two seasons. Because it was right above the screen door, Mary had continually to remove it, but the wren came right back and insisted on the location.

Eventually, she and Ernie Pyle's father, Will, put a box in a tree in which the wren could build its nest free from human intervention. Nevertheless, the wren now enjoyed its twig palace on top of the light meter.

Mary spoke of the great outpouring of affection for her famous nephew which readers had sent to her after his death on Ie Jima on April 18 when he caught a Japanese sniper bullet.

She commented on how frail he had always been, that, as a boy, he was quiet and studious, reading books, liked race cars, would cut out the pictures of them, hated farm work, liked to drive the tractor, and aspired to being an auto mechanic. He never could learn how to milk a cow correctly though.

We also, for whatever reason at the time, collected for you an inside page on local news. You may read it as you please. It must have had something to do with the atomic bomb, but we have forgotten.

On the editorial page, "A Fearful Secret" expresses nervousness about the new atomic bomb. It finds that it would shorten the war and save lives.

"But this discovery of atomic destruction is a fearsome one to be entrusted to a world whose people don't like each other."

The force of the new weapon, 2,000 times greater than the 11-ton British "Grand Slam", the largest bomb theretofore deployed, was practically inconceivable, it says. The new bomb carried a 20,000-ton force in TNT, and the piece suggests that it "weighed" therefore 44 million pounds. Of course, as it then quickly explains, that amount of "weight" was simply the measurement in explosive force compared to the equivalent amount of TNT, not the actual weight of the bomb itself.

As long as the secret of the bomb remained only with the United States and Britain, then there was no great danger in the world, other than in the storage of these devices. And in that, it was considerably ahead of its time.

But, inevitably, it also posits, and again with accurate foresight, the scientists of other nations could devise the weapon with the example now set before them.

It concludes with the cautionary suggestion of self-restraint: "Now that we are on the hurling end of utter destruction, who's to say we shan't gradually become bellicose and grasping? Up, so to speak, and atom?"

Not only had the world been introduced to this terrible new weapon, it had also just been introduced to some terrible new pun work. But we shall not sink so infinitesimally low as we are atomantly against such useless punnery and jejune insipidity.

"Nisi Veritas" discusses the passing of Senator Hiram Johnson of California, the isolationist who had died the day before at age 79 after 30 years in Congress. It suggests that there was something undeniably good and decent about him. He had such stature that his constituents returned him to Congress each term, not so much for his views as his stature. The last time he had been re-elected, he had run as the Republican, Democratic, and Progressive nominee. When he took the oath of office, he declined to be escorted by the other California Senator, Sheridan Downey, finding him an impostor.

He had opposed U.S. involvement in war, including World War I and World War II, arguing as late as 1942 against the draft of 18 and 19-year olds, as an exhibition of "War-like proclivities of Secretary Stimson." He had constantly allied himself with Senator Burton Wheeler of Montana on such issues.

His carrer was admirable, it concludes, only as long as it was qualified by the assumption that he acted on his principles. But, it adds, a few more who had so acted on these same principles would have caused the United States to have found itself "beleaguered in a world very much to our terror."

"Bad Record" comments on the local judge who had before him during the previous week a cab driver of the Victory Cab Co. who had pleaded guilty to involuntary manslaughter after an accident. Another Victory driver, the previous February, had killed a soldier with a pistol and was convicted of manslaughter. And a third Victory driver had just been convicted of assault for drawing a pistol following a collision after he drove through a red light.

The piece suggests that routine violations by the drivers of this one company should cause the City Council to consider whether it should be allowed to continue operation.

"Negative to Come" discusses the Textile Workers Institute being held at the University of North Carolina during the week under the sponsorship of the Textile Workers Union of America.

It finds the fact to be good for union leadership and its education. But it also stated that it awaited anxiously the next issue of Dave Clark's Textile Bulletin, that undoubtedly he would have some words to impart as to his views on the matter.

The rest of the page, incidentally, was written before the news of the Hiroshima bomb.

The excerpt from the Congressional Record has Senator William Langer of North Dakota, one of the two Senators, along with Senator Shipstead of Minnesota, who had voted against ratification of the U.N. Charter, speaking about something in which he invokes "the American people" several times, but which is much too dim to read.

Probably all the better.

Drew Pearson discusses the fact that seventeen Democratic Senators, led by Claude Pepper of Florida and Harley Kilgore of West Virginia, had gathered the previous week to discuss continuing the liberal policies of Franklin Roosevelt and to determine what might happen to the economy should the war in the Pacific end abruptly—as it was about to do.

All of the Senators were ardent supporters of President Truman, but they also were making an implied statement that if he leaned too far toward appeasement of the reactionary Southern wing of the party, there would be trouble from the liberals.

They urged an active role for Congress in bringing about the goal of full employment after the war, that doing nothing would lead to high unemployment.

Unexpectedly, Senator Theodore Bilbo of Mississippi showed up and urged likewise immediate action to prevent widespread unemployment in the event an abrupt end to the war. He wanted to meet FDR's goal of 60 million jobs. He thought, however, that one of the recommendations of the group, the raising of the minimum wage, was not a good idea.

Senator James Mead of New York urged a shift to a one-front economy, to allow not only materials to be released to the civilian market, but also manpower for the coal mines, the steel mills, and the railroads. He urged the release of 100,000 men for these critically needed jobs.

Mr. Pearson then presents the twelve points recommended by the seventeen Senators, but unfortunately, you will have to strain your eyes to read more than the gist of them.

Marquis Childs comments on the meeting in London to begin the following week by the 44 nations of the United Nations Rehabilitation and Relief Administration. The organization was attempting to get representatives into Poland.

Russia wanted 700 million dollars in relief and that was a central question which had to be addressed. It had been a surprise as the State Department had thought Russia would not make a request for relief. UNRRA's charter allowed for investigation to determine whether the requested aid was warranted.

Dorothy Thompson unfortunately is too dim to read in the first part of her column. It regards her column two weeks earlier, on July 24, regarding an article by Sumner Welles and his response to Ms. Thompson.

She frames the argument between them as being based on her belief that the cause of the war was the failure of German democracy and that of Mr. Welles that it had been the result of the failure of French continental imperialism. She believed that France had a genuine case for intervening in Germany in 1933, 1936, and 1938, and should have done so under the auspices of the League of Nations. It was a crime to have contributed to the destruction of a struggling German democracy.

She agreed with Mr. Welles that the U. N. Charter was imperfect, leaving the question of whether it was possible to solve the world's problems with a balance of power, the central fulcrum of which was bound to be Germany. This time, as contrasting with the period after World War I, Germany's partitioning would inure to the benefit of Russia, not France, and might become a source of contention between Britain and Russia.

She submits the proposition to future historical analysis.

A letter writer submits a letter which had been mailed out to numerous "white citizens" in the community asking for better police protection in the black community to prevent crime.

So, on this August 7, 1945, the world watched and waited for the next step, either another atomic bomb or the surrender of Japan. But, no doubt, to millions of young men who had fought in Europe and were being sent to the Pacific as an invasion force, breathing came a little easier as a result of the mission of the Enola Gay. Thus, the new weapon came with a mix of blessing and curse.

It was now the 1,340th day since the attack on Pearl Harbor.

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