The Government could do whatever it wanted to curtail the privileges of the people; religious freedom was allowed, subject to Government control at any time, meaning that the people had to believe in what they were told or else lose the freedom to believe what they were told and have it instead imposed upon them by the point of a sword.

The Emperor was subservient to the Army and Navy and the Genro, or elder statesmen, and the Privy Council. The Minister of War had to come from the Army, and the Navy Minister, from the Navy. No Government Cabinet could be formed without approval by the Army and Navy. The Genro ended in 1940 and the Privy Council since that time had selected the Premier. The Ministers of War and Navy had exclusive access to the Emperor, making him subject exclusively to their advice.

It quotes Baron Kiichiro Hiranuma, Minister of Home Affairs, as having asserted with pride in 1941 the uniqueness of Japanese Government, derived from "the heavenly-created throne" and not from mere mortals as other governments world-wide, which were temporal and thus likely to crumble.

Such beliefs still gripped the Japanese people, and the piece supposes that it was the primary reason that there was hesitancy to surrender, even in the face of all rational necessity begging it, to avoid complete and utter devastation of Japan and all of its inhabitants by the rain of weaponry which President Truman had promised otherwise.

A piece compiled by the editors appears on the page, as summarized below, picking up this history of the Emperor, with the dangerously mixed mythical and historic underpinnings of his power set forth.

Yet, recently, Mayor Kelly had appeared at a testimonial dinner for Col. McCormick at which he heaped lavish praise on the publisher. And, according to Drew Pearson, when Harold Ickes was about to lose his Chicago apartment house for nonpayment of taxes, Mayor Kelly had given the order that it be sold, to enable Mr. McCormick to crow after the Tribune would purchase it. Though the latter deal was never consummated, the Mayor's imprimatur on it had been bestowed.

It concludes that there was a strange relationship at work between the Mayor and Mr. McCormick.

The House Parliamentarian, the Chaplain, the Clerk, the Postmaster, and other employees of the chamber received substantially more in salary than did their counterparts in the Senate.

As revenue bills started in the House, prospective politicians, it advises, might consider it a better choice for career.

For unionizing outside the coal industry, Mr. Lewis used UMW District 50, a "up-and-at-'em outfit".

To have Mr. Lewis peering, or leering, at local industry gave rise, it suggests, especially within the textile industry itself, to "horrid thoughts". By contrast the TWUA of the CIO had high respectability and a touch of benevolence.

The piece concludes: "We can't win. Why did we ever sweat over this horrible boomerang, anyhow?"

Mr. Rich wondered why the Government retained numerous employees no longer needed for the war effort and expressed the hope that President Truman would pare down the waste. He believed in eliminating several agencies and consolidating others.

Quickly, name five.

The while, Mr. Pearson confesses to have been wielding a pitchfork in his Maryland hayfield.

Since he was only fifteen miles from Washington, however, he was able to return to work intermittently during the week. But, he offers, being away from the center of the action had enabled him to gain better perspective on the events at hand.

He had been considering the history of war and that, in earlier wars, prior to the nineteenth century, not so many people were harmed by warfare. Knights jousted in armor while their women applauded. Wars were more localized and so dragged on often for many years without the people revolting.

The American Civil War was the first example of total warfare, as practiced by General Sherman, to destroy the capability of the South to support armies by waging war on the civilian population and the principal cities and railroads.

With the advent of modern weaponry, the airplane, the Norden bombsight, the rocket bomb, and now the atomic bomb, the civilian populations suffered increasingly and were suffering presently more than military personnel.

In modern warfare, the military commanders typically remained in bomb-proof shelters behind the lines while conscripts fought the war.

"So now, as of August 5, the day we dropped our first atomic bomb on Japan, we have reached the point in warfare which was absolutely inevitable, the point at which either we stop going to war or mankind reaches its own end."

Already, scientific planners, he assures, were working on such things as bases on the moon for the next war, from which rocket bombs could be launched against any nation. And, it seemed no longer ludicrous, but wholly achievable.

General William Donovan and his O.S.S. had been at work developing a worldwide spy organization for peacetime use to determine what other countries were doing.

Admiral Ernest King had drawn up plans for 73 warships not to be completed until three or four years after the war. James Byrnes had pulled the plug on those plans because they had been obviously aimed only at the Soviet Union.

The War Department had been urging peacetime conscription for the first time in the country's history.

In short, the military had been systematically planning for the next war, ignoring the plans for peace for which this war supposedly had been fought.

They had been moving forward apace with these plans as if the next war had been inevitable, until the dropping of the Hiroshima bomb a week earlier.

Notwithstanding, The New York News, the day after the Hiroshima bomb, editorialized that Canada should either voluntarily share its uranium deposits with the United States or have them forcibly taken away.

Peace, he suggests, was premised on good neighborly relations. The U.S. had led the way in setting a good example for the world in this area by the guardless borders between Canada and the United States and between Mexico and the United States.

In consequence, trade with Canada, Cuba, and Mexico was greater than with any other countries.

The only interruption of these positive relations had occurred in the distant past, with the landing of Marines in Nicaragua and Haiti. (He omits the Pershing punitive expedition in search of Pancho Villa into Mexico in 1916, following Villa's massacre of civilians in New Mexico, which was resented for the ensuing 17 years until the Good Neighbor Policy was inaugurated by President Roosevelt through Ambassador Josephus Daniels.) Otherwise, he posits, the U.S. had sought to maintain good neighborly relations in the hemisphere. It had not dammed the water from the Colorado River into Mexico but rather had formed a treaty under which the water was shared.

Despite these good relations, however, the country had kept out of war. He saw the problem of preventing future war to be much more deeply rooted than the United Nations was equipped to defuse. Though the U.N. was a start in the right direction, it had many limitations. He concludes that education, churches, and other such institutions had to bring about a fundamental understanding of basic Christian principles as set forth in the Sermon on the Mount.

"How we can do it, I don't know. But we must do it, or see civilization vanish from the earth."

The criticism, however, had come from many quarters that he should have done more with respect to reconversion prior to departure for Potsdam in early July. Now, Congress was in recess, scheduled not to return until October 8. Mr. Childs predicts that the President would soon call them back into session, itself likely to offend many members who needed the two-month recess following a period of momentous decisions.

But, to avoid a deep depression with a long recovery, with the end of the Pacific war, thought until a week earlier likely to last at least another six months to a year, now suddenly imminent within hours or days, the President would have to begin the process of putting forth a concrete reconversion program for emergency passage by the Congress. Prime among the points was the already proposed $25 per week unemployment compensation bill on which the Congress had thus far lagged.

White House pressure on this area had been absent for the prior month during the Potsdam Conference, but no one should fault President Truman, counsels Mr. Childs, for the omission, as he could scarcely accomplish both the critical agreements of Potsdam and put daily pressure on Congress before they adjourned. Ending the war in the Pacific and laying plans for occupation of Germany and resolving to the extent possible the issues with respect to Eastern Europe had taken precedence.

He saw these eight trials of the past as a chronicle of society's effort to make the planet more inhabitable. In some of these trials, society itself had been brought before the bar of justice; in others, it was an ordinary murder case, elevated to high publicity.

The eight would be: Cataline's trial in the Roman Senate; Lt. Becker of the New York City Police Department, charged with the murder of gambler Herman Rosenthal in July, 1912, subsequently convicted and executed for the crime; the trial of Joan of Arc; the divorce suit of Henry VIII from Catherine of Aragon; the John Thomas Scopes "monkey trial", deliberately allowing himself to be charged in Dayton, Tennessee in 1925, as a test case on the state law making it a misdemeanor to teach evolution in the public schools; the trial of Captain Alfred Dreyfus for treason; the trial of Leopold and Loeb for the thrill murder of young Bobby Franks in Chicago in 1924; and the case against Harry K. Thaw for the murder of Stanford White in New York in June, 1906.

To this list, after the Nuremberg trials, we could add:

It posits that his removal could lead to chaos which would prolong Allied occupation. His supposed divinity was taught in the Japanese schools and thus inculcated in the population from a young age.

The origins of his divine quality came from the notion that Izanagi, the father, and Izanami, the mother of the line of emperors, descended from Heaven to a small island which had clung to the end of Izanagi's spear, and when he dipped it into the primeval sea, the islands forming Japan were created. Izanami died giving birth to the god of fire, but from Izanagi had come the other gods and goddesses, including Amaterasu, the goddess of the Sun who ruled Heaven, springing from his left eye. She made the determination to populate Earth.

Eventually, she sent her grandson, Ninigi, accompanied by lesser gods, to Kyushu, where, in the year 660 B.C., the great-grandson of Ninigi became Emperor Jimmu, the first ruler of Japan, though essentially a tribal chieftain among the numerous competing clans.

Jimmu reported his assumption to the throne to Amaterasu.

By the seventh century, A.D., the power of the clans had slowly been concentrated within the imperial family. The Emperor was ruled by an oligarchic council of clan leaders, headed by the Fujiwara family, retaining power until the 12th century.

In 1167, the first of the Shogun military dictators was brought to power by the Emperor. The Emperor became isolated under Shogun rule and the seat of government was moved to Tokyo, away from the original Imperial Court. Oaths of loyalty were henceforth made to the Shogun.

During the 17th century, the Shogunate undertook measures to pacify the country, freeze the existing social order, and perpetuate the extant feudal system. No one could change occupation without consent of his lord. Swords were confiscated from the farmers. Class lines were drawn between the Samurai warriors and workers.

Eventually, wealthy merchants joined with the Samurai and some of the lesser feudal lords to re-establish allegiance to the Emperor and away from the Shogunate. The Shoguns themselves gave allegiance to the Emperor and so found it hard to resist this movement. In 1868, the last of the Shoguns was overthrown and the charter oath of Emperor Meiji, age 16, was issued, albeit setting up Meiji's power only through exercise by a Regency. The result was continued oligarchic rule, now exercised by the Genro or elder statesmen.

The country was unified by enhancing the prestige of the Emperor, and his Court was moved to Tokyo. Shinto was revived, with its emphasis on the Emperor's divinity and oneness with the Sun Goddess, his spiritual Mother.

Mass education was undertaken to permit indoctrination of the people with the old traditions of the Emperor as divine. Subservience to the state was inculcated as a duty of each individual. Feudal loyalties to individual lords were transferred to the Emperor.

Emperor Hirohito, descendant of Jimmu, was the 124th Emperor in the direct line, and, in fulfillment of the tradition, reported all of the affairs of State at the Shinto shrines to Amaterasu, the Sun Goddess—as represented during World War II on the aeroplanes by the Big Orange Circle.

At accession to the throne, the Emperor observed an all-night vigil during which the soul of Amaterasu entered his soul to make him the divine receptor of her wisdom.

It was this ridiculous child's story which had given birth to the notion of the Emperor's divinity, the foundations of Shinto, originally a type of pantheism indigenous to Japan.

Transposed to the United States, it would be as making King a supposed descendant of Adam and Eve, no doubt a snake in the grass.

This sort of notion abounding in the world of 1787, including Mother England and the Divine Right of Royalty, in an age in which illiteracy and lack of any formal education was more the common rule than not, is the primary reason that the Founders had the good sense to provide in the First Amendment Establishment Clause for the Separation of Church and State.

It had taken the American-sponsored collection of international scientists working at Los Alamos, with the teams at Hanford and Oak Ridge, to harness the power of the Sun to reduce finally to ashes this absurd myth of Hirohito being imbued with the power of the Sun.

Suddenly, the heat of old Sol had become a bit too much for the Sun King.