Site Ed. Note: The front page reports that Okinawa was now nearly cleared of the last enemy holdouts, as Japanese dead were calculated at 101,853 for the campaign, with 7,902 captured.

Meanwhile, airfields on Okinawa were already being used to launch air attacks on the Ryukyus and against Kyushu to the north of the Ryukyus and Okinawa. The Sakishima Islands had been hit in the southern Ryukyus in raids carried out Thursday through Saturday, and Hazuki airfield on Kyushu was also hit. These raids stopped air opposition against Okinawa after air fighting had taken place over the island Thursday and Friday, with 39 enemy planes shot down after two light American naval ships had been sunk and three others damaged.

General Hap Arnold stated that B-29's could now carry twice the bomb loads from Okinawa that they carried out of Saipan and Tinian in the Marianas, 1,500 miles from Tokyo. Full operations, he stated, would begin from Okinawa in the fall.

Another raid of American Mustangs out of Iwo Jima struck airfields north of Tokyo on Saturday, destroying another 69 enemy planes in the air or on the ground.

Two Japanese Army doctors captured on Okinawa expressed amazement that they had not been tortured by the Americans. They had been indoctrinated to believe that such would be their fate if caught. The doctors had volunteered to help the American doctors treat the wounded Okinawan natives.

Emperor Hirohito issued a statement in Tokyo directing the people of Japan to take a "win or die" attitude toward invasion by the Americans. No one, he instructed, should allow themselves to be taken alive.

Nice guy.

On Luzon, Eleventh Airborne Division parachutists landed at Camalaniugan airfield, four miles south of Aparri, on the northern tip of the island, to hasten clean-up operations already begun by the guerillas against the remaining 20,000 Japanese in the area. The paratroopers captured Lai-Lo, eleven miles to the south, and were moving toward Tuguegarao, eight miles to the south of which was the 37th Infantry. It appeared likely that the Japanese were preparing to break into small contingents and enter the Sierra Madre Mountains to the east. Many had already entered the Carabello Mountains to the west.

On Friday morning, the Sixth Infantry Division resisted a strong enemy attack as it drove toward Krangan, west of the Cagayan Valley.

Japanese casualties during the previous week, according to General MacArthur, had been 9,238 killed and 1,483 captured. The Americans had suffered 223 killed and 589 wounded during the week.

Most of Formosa, it was reported by Tokyo radio, had been destroyed during the previous six months of systematic bombing of the island off the east coast of China.

The Japanese were abandoning the oil areas on Borneo after having set them on fire. Australia's Ninth Division had already taken the Seria oil field and was moving toward the Miri fields against slight opposition. At least 21 of the 30 fields at Seria were still on fire. The last enemy resistance on Labuan Island, invaded June 10, had been eliminated. Tarakan Island, invaded May 1, had also been cleared of the enemy.

The U. S. Ninth Air Force, under the command of Lt. General Hoyt Vandenberg, was being broken up in Europe and some of it was slated to be transferred to the Pacific, while other parts would remain in Europe as part of the occupation air force.

In Czechoslovakia, the people honored the dead of Lezaky in the Moravian Hills where, three years earlier, the Gestapo, in an incident similar to that of Lidice, shot its 33 adult inhabitants, burned its nine houses and four mills, and took away its sixteen children, none of whom had been heard from since. The Nazis asserted that the reason for the massacre had been the finding of a radio transmitter in the village and that the Czech underground was being supplied flour from one of the mills. The adult males of Lidice had been murdered by the Nazis for allegedly hiding the assailants of Reinhard Heydrich, the SS leader who had been mortally wounded by a bomb thrown at his car on May 27, 1942.

On a trip to visit Coventry, Prime Minister Churchill was both cheered and heckled by crowds. At least some of the heckling appeared to originate from Communists, waving the Soviet flag.

The House appropriated $125,000, a fourth of the funding requested by President Truman, to permit the Fair Employment Practices Committee to wind up operations in the ensuing three months following the blockage in committee of the bill to make the FEPC permanent. No funding was allotted for regular operations after June 30. Supporters of the bill, however, still promised an effort to try to get the bill onto the floor for a full vote of the House.

A budget of 174.5 million dollars was approved for the Office of Price Administration to operate for the extended period of a year.

President Truman arrived in San Francisco this day, following a 90-minute stop in Portland, after a few days of fishing in Olympia, Washington, to attend the closing ceremonies of the Charter Conference the following day. He was scheduled to cross the Golden Gate Bridge into San Francisco after landing and tour the city before arriving at the Fairmont Hotel on Nob Hill, headquarters of the American delegation.

Speculation continued to swirl that the President was shortly going to replace Secretary of State Stettinius with James Byrnes. The speculation was correct.

A tropical hurricane had skirted the Georgia and South Carolina coasts, its South Carolina land-based storm center being in the vicinity of Georgetown, and was reported moving south of Wilmington with winds of between 30 and 46 mph, expected to reach the area of Cape Hatteras by 10:00 p.m. No damage had yet been reported from the storm. Batten the hatches.

On the editorial page, "The Charter" remarks on the U. N. Charter to be signed this date in San Francisco. It reminds, to avoid being sidetracked by Senate debate inevitably to come on the document, that it was not perfect but could be amended, that it would not, of itself, prevent wars, that only a will to peace could accomplish that task. But it did represent the highest manifestation of civilization yet demonstrated by mankind, and Americans had more reason to believe that it would succeed than other peoples for the fact of the American experience with democratic ideals and institutions. Finally, there was only one alternative, should it fail: another war.

That the Charter was formed by the United Nations made its success far more likely than that of the League, formed between nations coming out of World War I with no such commonly demonstrated alliance or mutual interests.

It was not to be considered at all strange that there had been conflicts between the Big Powers or between the Powers and the smaller nations. But they had been friendly and not bitter conflicts. It had been similar to the types of debates had on the drafting of the American Constitution.

It should be noted that one key revision to the Charter from that which had been reported was that the Security Council would consist of fifteen members, enlarged from the originally proposed eleven members.

"One Hit, One Miss" remarks that the "B2H2" bill to declare for an international organization, as sponsored by Senators Ball, Burton, Hatch, and Hill in 1943, had garnered more support than the newly proposed "B2H1", without Senator Lister Hill of Alabama in sponsorship, to repair post-war labor relations. Labor leaders William Green, Philip Murray, and John L. Lewis were opposed to it.

The bill was designed to repair some of the shortcomings of the Wagner Labor Relations Act of 1935. Labor wound up usually the plaintiff in actions and the present practice had resulted in labor usually getting some of what it wanted in each instance, leading to further action to achieve further incremental results.

The proposed bill would not pass, but in 1947, the Congress passed, over President Truman's veto, the Taft-Hartley Act, which limited the power of the union in certain areas of perceived abuses coming after the Wagner Act. The limitations imposed by Taft-Hartley included banning jurisdictional disputes, that is, strikes regarding a union's claimed right to work for members in certain jobs to the exclusion of other workers, banning of the closed shop, and prohibiting strikes which imperil the public safety and health, permitting the President to intervene to end such strikes, the latter being similar to the power which existed during the war with the War Labor Board.

"Out-Killed" comments on the heavy losses by the Japanese on Okinawa, said now to be over 100,000, and not coming close to an even exchange with American losses, casualties having totaled 40,000 and deaths, 12,000. Americans, after the initial stages of battle, had overwhelmingly outnumbered the enemy and could land troops at will. Superiority in artillery and Navy big guns, as well as air superiority, all combined to make the fight one-sided. The fact that the enemy was dug in had made the battle long and difficult.

"Departing Chief" comments on the resignation of Charlotte Police Chief Walter Anderson, appointed by Governor Gregg Cherry to head the combined North Carolina Highway Patrol and Safety Division, a position with a somewhat lower salary. The piece compliments Chief Anderson for his bringing efficient administration to the Police Department during his three-year tenure. He had sent his officers to school and trained them well, resulting in a declining murder rate.

The excerpt from the Congressional Record has Senator William Langer of North Dakota saying something about the displaced Japanese of the West Coast returning to their homes, but the print is so faded as to be indiscernible.

Drew Pearson reports on the Air Transport Command, one of the unsung heroes of the war. It had been most useful in supplying the Chinese over "The Hump" in the Himalayas out of India when the Burma Road had been closed between 1942 and late 1944, at which point the Ledo Road was opened from northeastern India into Burma and China. At its height, "The Hump" route carried so many missions that the planes flew at different altitudes to avoid collisions. When FDR had asked the ATC to fly 10,000 tons per month over "The Hump" to the Chinese, the brass hats thought it impossible. Not only did the ATC meet the goal but was now flying 50,000 tons per month over this route.

Marquis Childs discusses the bill to make permanent the Fair Employment Practices Committee, held in committee, now facing a test on the floor of the House. Unfortunately, his piece is not readable for the dim print.

Samuel Grafton indicates that there would likely be no direct attack on the provisions of the United Nations Charter in the Senate, but that the attacks would come instead peripherally, from isolationists such as Senator Burton Wheeler of Montana. It was not likely that the effort would gain any substantial traction.

The editors compile a report on the treaty ratification provision of the Constitution, requiring that two-thirds of the Senators present at the time of the vote approve the treaty. Under a proposed amendment to the Constitution which had been passed by the House in early May, the requirement would have been changed to allow a majority vote of both houses of Congress. That proposed amendment, however, failed in the Senate.

We note in passing this date in history that, while President Truman was in San Francisco, General Eisenhower, his successor in 1953, had returned to Washington without fanfare, and President Eisenhower's successor, John F. Kennedy, was in London, having the day before finished his assignment for the Hearst newspapers, first reporting on the San Francisco Conference through May 23 and then on the British election in a piece published the previous day. All the bases were covered.