The Charlotte News
Monday, February 9, 1959
FOUR EDITORIALS
Site Ed. Note: The front page reports that Secretary of State Dulles said this date that the Western allies had agreed generally on procedures to follow if Russia invoked "physical means" to block access to Berlin. He also renewed the West's offer to talk about a general settlement. He had returned to Washington after talks in London, Paris and Bonn with the NATO allies. In a prepared statement, he told newsmen that his talks abroad had "reconfirmed the unity and firmness of our position. We do not accept any substitution of East Germans for the Soviet Union and its responsibilities toward Berlin and its obligations to us. We are resolved that our position in, and access to, West Berlin shall be preserved. We are in general agreement as to the procedures we shall follow if physical means are invoked to interfere with our rights in this respect." The Secretary had talked to the heads of government and foreign ministers of Britain, France and West Germany and with Secretary-General Paul-Henri Spaak of NATO. He would report to the President this date. The President had returned the previous night from a Georgia quail hunting holiday and was met at the airport by Undersecretary of State Douglas Dillon, who presumably had provided him an initial report on the mission of Mr. Dulles. In advance of the Secretary's arrival, officials said that they were certain he had laid the groundwork for a speed-up in allied policy planning, looking toward a spring foreign ministers meeting with the Soviets. During the week-long trip, he had left Bonn on Sunday with a hint that some slight conciliatory move toward the Soviets might be in the offing, but only if the Soviets were also in a conciliatory mood. His series of talks the previous week, according to the Secretary at Bonn Airport, would help to assure that the allies were united and firm for their rights. "That does not exclude being conciliatory, but it does exclude merely making concessions for which there is no counterpart." West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer had been suggested by a German spokesman as being opposed to giving something away in the negotiations without receiving anything in return. Both German and American spokesmen had also said that the Western powers were still far from agreement on a detailed policy regarding how to meet the Soviet challenge in Berlin, but indicated that progress had been made in the discussions.
It was reported in Washington that the Air Force probably would shrink its organizational size to fewer than 90 wings during the ensuing five or six years, the smallest since the demobilization following World War II. Those wings would include missile outfits as well as manned aircraft. Part of the cutback would be in B-47 medium bomber wings as more efficient means of delivering destruction had replaced those airplanes. Economy seemed to play only a small part in the trend, which had begun about two years earlier, with improvement of both aircraft and missiles accounting primarily for the change. The nuclear firepower which could be delivered by even 90 wings would be thousands of times larger than the huge bomber fleets of World War II. The military budget being debated in Congress had provided that there would be a "modest reduction in the number of wings in the Air Force, from 105 at the end of the current fiscal year to 102 at the end of 1960." The slow reduction in wing strength had started in mid-1957 after a peak postwar strength of 137. The size of an Air Force wing varied between 45 large bombers and 75 fighters, with a wing normally consisting of three squadrons of planes. In missiles, the squadron designation was generally used. A ballistic missile squadron would range from 16 weapons for an ICBM outfit to 15 for an IRBM squadron. Formation of such squadrons was just beginning.
In Anderson, Ind., it was reported that a woman had been shot to death on her way to work during the morning and an evangelist riding with her had been wounded, with her estranged husband later found dead of an apparent suicide. The evangelist, an innocent passenger in the car according to police, had called for an ambulance and driven the woman's Cadillac to police headquarters after the shootings, though he had been shot in the left ear. The estranged husband had been found in his own car in an alley a half-mile away with an apparently self-inflicted wound from a .22-caliber rifle found beside him. Ten shots had been fired into the woman's car, at a location about a block from the evangelist's home.
In San Jose, Calif., it was reported
that a jobless 22-year old draftsman who had been jailed the previous
day on an investigation of bigamy, had said that he had not wanted
two wives, that things had gotten mixed up and he could not
straighten them out. Police said that the man, who lived in nearby
Mountain View, had started his double life the prior November when he
had married in Reno a 22-year old theater usher, while still legally
married to his first wife, 24. He said that his first wife and he had
been married early the previous year and there had been many bills,
for the wedding, the honeymoon, clothes and food, and that he had to
get away from it all. He met the second wife and dated her every
night for three weeks, and "things just got rolling" until
they had driven to Reno and got married. He said that it was going to
be a new life, that he was going to get a job and, as soon as he
could, obtain a divorce from his first wife. But he had not found a
job and police said that while he was receiving $40 per week in
unemployment checks, he had lived one night per week with his first
wife and the other six with his second wife, telling both working
wives that the absence was the result of job-hunting. The first wife
had talked on Friday with the mother of the second wife and compared
notes on rumors which she had heard about her husband. Among the
information exchanged was the fact that both wives were pregnant. The
second wife complained to police. The man said that he was finished
with her: "First she talked about an annulment, then she goes
for this bigamy charge. If I get a chance I'll try to make it up with
[the first wife]. She can cook!" The first wife said that she
would think about it when he got out of jail. She said that she did
not suspect a thing and guessed that she was "kind of dumb".
Well, at least it did not get to the stage of this dark drama
In West Wildwood, N.J., it was reported that Borough Council members had approved the hiring of a municipal consultant to suggest ways in which they could spend a treasury surplus of $35,127. One of the approximate 500 residents of the community had a suggestion, through the lowering of taxes.
In Hollywood, it was reported that actress Debbie Reynolds had been released from a hospital on Sunday where she been treated since the prior Thursday for a blood clot in her leg.
Bob Slough of The News, in the first of a series, reports that doubt might cloud the legal ownership of millions of dollars worth of North Carolina property. One veteran surveyor had estimated that there might be errors in at least half of the land maps presently on file in the 100 Register of Deeds offices in the state. The local chairman of the property survey and mapping functional section of the Professional Engineers of North Carolina said that many boundary lines set forth on land maps could not be located on the ground with any degree of certainty. He had spent several months poring over between 800 and 1,000 maps in a nine-county area and had checked them carefully. His conclusions had been that the accuracy of most surveys was still far below what was considered to be acceptable standards in light of improved surveying equipment and methods and the increase in land values, that practically all laws dealing with the accuracy of surveys or maps were inadequate, that land descriptions incorporated in some deeds were so insufficient and inaccurate that in many cases it was practically impossible to locate a boundary line on the ground to any degree of certainty, that landmarks used as starting points on some survey maps and deeds had long since disappeared. He cited one instance in which a deed had listed "the place where Farmer Brown's bull died" as the starting point for surveying a piece of land, while in another deed, dated in 1878, "a pine know in rye field No. 2" had been used as designation. Still another had said "beginning at a grapevine on the side of the road". He had also found that the average person, knowing little about surveying, did not want to pay much for a survey and sometimes did not get much of a survey for the money, that under the present system, maps and descriptions containing errors might be entered as public record because there was no check on the maps, that the registrar of deeds, through no fault of his own, was not trained to spot errors, that many laws governing surveying specified no degree of accuracy, stating in most cases that the survey and map should be made by a competent surveyor. The chairman of the local surveying office had included the examples in a preface to a proposed "Manual of Instructions for the Practice of Land Surveying in North Carolina", approved by the Professional Engineers of North Carolina and forwarded to the North Carolina Board of Registration for Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors. He said that the suggested manual had not been adopted, however, by the Board. He had found that in one survey in a Piedmont County, an error of approximately 1.5 acres in the 10 or 12 acres surveyed had been revealed. In another case, an error of closure on one map of one foot in every 40 feet had been discovered, meaning that the boundary lines of a rectangular lot of 80 by 160 feet would fail to come together by 32 feet. A deed in one of the state's larger counties had been shown to have three simple lines, not joined at any point if a survey attempted to plot the boundary lines from the deed, when the property owner had thought he was purchasing a triangular plot of ground. One map of record showed a 250-foot frontage on a lot while the surveyor, using bearings given on the map, found the frontage as only 150 feet. One map showed the real lot line to be 60 feet, but on the ground, using bearings given on the map, it was only 41 feet. In one subdivision map, no bearings were given on the side lines of irregularly shaped lots. No frontage distances were given and no curve data was given for lots on curving roads in the subdivisions. Those were some of the mistakes he had found in his nine-county study and he said that a study of all 100 counties could reveal more.
Near Charlotte, it was reported that title to the 23,000-acre Naval Shell Depot had been scheduled to pass formally from the Federal Government to a group of Charlotte men this date. Representatives of the Government had arrived in Charlotte to present the title to three Charlotte men in the afternoon. They had submitted a high bid for the property the prior October. But there had been some delay in accepting the price as the Government thought it was too low, with the final settlement having been a little over 2 million dollars. The Depot had been a 20-million dollar installation built in World War II and used for loading 20-millimeter shells. Following the war, it had been used as a storage depot for many years. The Chamber of Commerce and other interested groups had been instrumental in getting the Government to sell it as a parcel so that it could be used as an industrial park. One of the three successful bidders, who operated a textile machinery business in Charlotte, had already moved his operations to the property and it was hoped that the site would attract other industries. The property was fully improved, had electrical lines, sewer and water systems, plus a network of roads.
John Kilgo of The News reports that the County Recorder had not been pleased when a package arrived in his court during the morning, with the court clerk indicating that he thought it was a bomb. In fact it was 1,000 pennies contained in a fruit jar, sent from a ministerial student at Mount Olive College, who had been arrested the previous week for improper license plates on his trailer. He had written to the clerk a letter after he got the ticket, which said: "I'm working my way through college and money is at this time hard to get. I am wondering what is the least amount I can get by with on this citation." The clerk had written back to send him $10 and the case would be closed. The return letter had said that the student had been able to scrape up the $10, "enclosed". The judge believed that the boy was trying to pull his leg, but that he would pull his, deeming the pennies in a fruit jar not to be legal tender and ordering a capias issued for the student. "We're going to bring that boy down here as soon as we can get him and he's going to count every one of those pennies, all 1,000 of them." The clerk said that the bank would not accept the pennies in a fruit jar until they had been rolled in coin wrappers to become legal tender. The piece adds that United States currency regulations stated that silver coins for sums over $10, and minor coins, of nickel or bronze, over 26 cents, were not considered legal tender.
A man of Stockton, Calif., would be sentenced on Tuesday for petty theft in the case of four allegedly deodorized skunks which had not been. He pleaded guilty the prior Friday to the charge, based on the degree of seriousness assessed by the prosecutor regarding his sale of four unimpaired skunks to pet dealers after representing them as incapable of producing any skunk odor. But the dealers had learned the truth the hard way. Send them down to Disney Studios for use in "Zorro".
In Lincolnton, N.C., the postman had knocked on the door with a letter addressed to a woman of Rt. 3 in North Carolina, with no city or county listed, mailed from the U.S.S. Hartley somewhere in the Atlantic just two days earlier. The postmaster at Lincolnton said that there had been no indication that the letter had been opened to see if the writer had given a clue as to where the letter should go. He said that it had come first through the port of New York and then to North Carolina, where it could have gone to any one of the state's 100 counties. He said that he could not explain it. The recipient had opened the letter and said that it was properly addressed to her, but she also did not know how it had reached her. The postman who delivered the letter also had no explanation, saying that a man separating mail in the post office in Lincolnton had said that there was no other piece of mail arriving at the same time with the same handwriting. They were all perplexed. The Charlotte Postal Services representative said that it was "logical that the letter would come to the largest airport in North Carolina." Airport postal workers had sent the letter to the Charlotte Post Office for further routing, and he speculated that somebody in Charlotte probably knew the woman and so sent it on to Lincolnton. It could be in the realm of that one step beyond.
On the editorial page, "Mecklenburg Must Meet This Need" indicates that Mecklenburg's United Community Services had to come to grips immediately with the building needs of hard-pressed member agencies. Serious deficiencies existed and some would have to be remedied before another year would pass. UCS had done a superb job in helping affiliated services meet their operational expenses, but the growing physical needs of many of those agencies had gone unmet. United Appeal money would not purchase buildings. The result had been physical decay, overcrowding and, in a few cases, actual danger.
The situation at the Charlotte Day Nursery was an extreme example of the type of inadequacies which at present plagued a number of UCS agencies.
Mecklenburg was not so poor that it had to depend on fire traps for its social services. Nor was it reasonable to expect UCS agencies to perform their chores properly in facilities tailored for a Model T community. Mecklenburg had grown swiftly during the previous several decades and its social services had grown along with it, but as a rule were operating from quarters which had been inadequate in 1945.
It finds that there were exceptions, and that some of the physical inadequacies were not serious enough to merit public pity, while others were serious.
It suggests that if in the judgment of UCS a separate capital fund drive was the only comprehensive answer to the plight of those agencies, then it should waste no time in beginning a campaign. Residents of the county would not turn their backs on the problem but would respond as they had always responded to community needs, dutifully with a deep sense of civic responsibility.
"A Step of Symbolic Importance in Rome" indicates that Pope John XXIII had been hailed a "political Pope" at his investiture and had made a political step which the Papacy had avoided since 1870. It was the week of the annual all-party congress in Moscow and against that backdrop, as the Soviets worshiped their economic divinities, Pope John had called for an ecumenical council of the Church.
Protestant leaders in the U.S., as elsewhere, were divided in their reaction. Practically, the Pope's aim was said to be a rapprochement with the "schismatic" Eastern Orthodox Church.
It finds that the Pope had moved into a delicate sphere, but that Westerners of any credo would see the symbolic worth of such a council. For better or worse, the Western world had accomplished both its creations and its follies under a system of the greatest disunity. The cohesive influence of the early Christian Church had not survived the schismatic impact of Near Eastern politics in the 11th Century, and of the rise of capitalism and the city in Europe in the 16th Century. Nor did it seem likely, with such forces accentuated at present, that another consensus would be found. The West had no ideology and no common faith to serve as a counterpart to communism and the chances were that it would continue to accept the system of peaceful competition in faith and politics. "It is not, in general, drawn to divide or to earthly absolutes."
C. L. Sulzberger of the New York Times had said: "Even a slight success would have political importance. For if all those who believe in divinity can in any way be drawn together, communism will suffer a serious setback." It finds that to be the symbolic worth of the council.
"Some Tips for Running in Local Events" indicates that on the local political front there were rumblings that it could be the year in which city elections made the lava output of Mexico's Popocapetl resemble the batter bubbles from an overfilled waffle grid. (That may be a championship simile.) But first, it finds, the candidates themselves had to get into condition.
It offers for neophytes that a person had to be prepared to consume a quantity of barbecue during the season, that there was no bad barbecue in Charlotte, but if a taste for it had not been cultivated, then the candidate would need to get busy as not only would barbecue be present, but preparation for it was needed by the consumer. It would be difficult to chew it properly while answering questions, shaking hands and balancing slaw on the left knee. One had to learn to chew and speak at the same time and it was usually best to qualify one's answers by muddling in the mouth anyway.
It cautions that left-knee slaw balancing was important as one could not lend a stabling influence in government if slaw suddenly hit the deck. Voters would notice those things.
"It takes a real pro to handle all the liquids offered, but stand fast. They'll probably balance off one another—acid and ant-acid. Drugstores are sometimes handy in case a catalyst is needed." It wishes happy vote-hunting to the candidates.
"Take Not Their Titles of Honor Away" indicates that a Virginia radio station had announced in no uncertain terms that henceforth its masters of ceremony for musical hours would be known as "musicasters".
It indicates its belief that the disc jockey held an important place for a hard-core, volatile audience which gripped every word like a silent scream of the heroines in a cliff-hanger and responded as surely as television's fizz tablets in water when an appeal was made, could recite by memory which current rhythm-heavy record was in top place.
"When zircons of thought are revealed, these become as bright diamonds of conversation for the day. ('Did you hear Ed Flipper this morning? He said, 'There's nothing surer than death and taxes.' He told the truth, didn't he?')"
It finds the disc jockey to be unique, that there were satin-throated ones who could shiver young females, great humorists, an occasional battler against convention, the older sages who offered homey advice, and the young in spirit, the latter capable of expending more effort and loud cheerfulness than that needed to rush a satellite rocket aloft.
But it does not like the term "musicaster", akin to asking the Kingston Trio to become the country's legation team in Moscow. It finds that their fans would not stand for it.
See? Elvis and Buddy Holly and the
like were gone, gone, gone, like unhip, man, now. It's all about the
folk scene. The music did not die the prior Tuesday. That was just an
after-the-fact rendition of memories hazed by the foggy late 60's,
based on intake of too many memory-fogging substances. Get a grip on
the road, dude and dudess. Drove your Chevy to the levee and the
levee was dry? That lyric is like a disembodied soul
It's like trying to capitalize on the popularity of
Westerns by fitting a private eye
A piece from the Manchester Guardian, titled "All the Answers", indicates that occasionally its New York managers sent out neat little cards offering a trial of the Manchester Guardian Weekly to Americans who had been mentioned to them as likely to be interested in it. Two of the cards had been returned to them the previous week and one had on it a printed sticker, saying: "Sorry/ I can't afford it./ I'm an/ Underpaid Teacher." The other had said tersely: "Don't want your goddamn product."
It suggests that surely some enterprising firm could market a set of labels which would save the newspaper time in dealing with all kinds of correspondents, that the two messages above, with emendations, would form a useful nucleus, the former for dealing with the nicer type of begging letter and the latter for soap coupons and hard-selling circulars. For more personal correspondents, they could use a lot of labels, saying: "Nice to/ Hear from you/ Really will reply/ Soon." And there might be a demand for: "Darling/ XXXX"
To really persistent correspondents, such as the IRS, all four could be sent in rotation. "A fat lot of difference it makes anyway, what you say to them."
Drew Pearson indicates that Joint Chiefs chairman General Nathan Twining had provided a terse opinion of the rival bureaucrats claiming jurisdiction over outer space: "They're a bigger threat than the Russians." The remark had been made in the privacy of General Twining's office and not before Congress, but the squabbling over the satellite-missile authority, which prompted the comment, had almost broken into the open the previous week at a Senate space hearing. Space czars appeared to be multiplying inside the Pentagon like rabbits and the more Senators learned about them the more they had become confused over who was in charge of satellites and missiles.
Wearily, committee counsel Edwin Weisl had tried to untangle the chain of command. Turning to Roy Johnson, director of advance research, the counsel demanded whether he made technical decisions, to which he had replied in the affirmative, adding that the decisions he made on the technical level were overriding. But on the sidelines, a half-dozen rival space czars winced and Mr. Weisl asked how he could override General Bernard Schriever, in charge of the ballistic missile program for the Air Force. Mr. Johnson said that regarding space technology programs which he had asked General Schriever to do for him, he was the boss, assuring that it was his program and he could override the chief of the Air Force. Mr. Weisl then asked him whether, if the chief of the Air Force gave his subordinate, General Schriever, certain decisions on a technical matter, he could still override him, to which Mr. Johnson replied that he was in control of the money. Mr. Weisl asked him what part of the satellite program the Air Force had and Mr. Johnson replied that it was the degree to which he decided they had, and that he was the sole judge of that.
Herbert York, director of defense research, had also been present and he had shifted restlessly in his seat. Mr. Weisl had asked him what part he had, and he had responded that it was the supervision of all research and engineering in the Department of Defense, including overall supervision of the space program. Mr. Weisl then asked him whether he could override Mr. Johnson, to which he replied that in principle he could on research and engineering. Mr. Weisl then clarified that he could override Mr. Johnson and Mr. Johnson could override the head of the Air Force, to which Mr. Johnson protested that he could override the Secretary of Defense regarding the programs he controlled, but then retreated, saying that he could not override the Secretary.
Senator Lyndon Johnson, chairman of the space committee, also present, broke in to provide Roy Johnson a chance for rebuttal by asking whether he reported to Dr. York on anything, to which Mr. Johnson had said he did not. The Senator said that he was reminded of an old story regarding who was on first base and asked who was the chief cook in the space agency. After much hemming and hawing, the rival research directors decided that the President, as head of the National Space Council, was the chief cook.
Mr. Pearson notes that the head of guided missiles, William Holaday, NASA head Keith Glennan and a host of other satellite-missile chiefs also staked their claims to authority, and the Senators still wanted to know "who's on first".
Joseph Alsop indicates that Secretary of State Dulles had been asking the Western allies to agree to meet any Soviet challenge at Berlin without temporizing, equivocation, and head-on. Under his program, for instance, challenge of the Western allies' right to use the land routes to Berlin was to be answered by sending an armed convoy. That program demanded the will to fight a major war, one with hydrogen bombs, for the defense of Berlin. For neither a single tank column nor all of the Western divisions in NATO could possibly open a road to Berlin against the opposition of the massive Soviet armies in East Germany. Thus, there would be a humiliating retreat or a major war, the only way out, if a convoy were sent and halted.
The thesis of Secretary Dulles and his strong supporters, the Joint Chiefs, was that the Soviet Union would not risk a major war for Berlin and thus the Kremlin would not press its Berlin claims to the utmost, provided the U.S. and its allies showed that they preferred to run the risk rather than surrender.
At least until the visit to London by Secretary Dulles, the British Government had been unwilling to accept that thesis, there being a strong impulse in London to base the Western plans for Berlin on dodging a direct challenge by resort to another airlift, as had worked in 1948-49. The U.S. pressure for acceptance of the thesis of Mr. Dulles and the Pentagon was meanwhile being met by a British counter-demand that the whole problem be "staffed out" in careful detail. A leading planner from the British War Office staff had been sent to Washington to conduct preliminary staff talks with the planners attached to the Joint Chiefs. That high-ranking officer had remained for a week and then had gone home after accomplishing nothing. It was thus suspected that the proclaimed accord between Secretary Dulles and Prime Minister Harold Macmillan had taken the form of agreement by Mr. Dulles to open staff talks after all, and a statement by Prime Minister Macmillan that the British might accept the thesis of the Pentagon and Mr. Dulles after satisfactory staff talks.
If that supposition was correct, the British might also reject the thesis at the end of the "staffing out" process, but at least it was clear that Secretary Dulles would not secure final allied agreement for his "contingent" plan for Berlin while the Pentagon carried on business as usual.
Thus, there was no logical answer to the British doubts about the Dulles approach to the Berlin problem. Business as usual at the Pentagon, inconsistent with the whole Dulles approach, depended on convincing the Soviets that the West was in deadly earnest and would fight a major war if necessary to preserve Berlin. Under those circumstances, there were certain practical measures which would need to be taken without much more delay. If an armed convoy was planned, some reinforcement of the divisions in West Germany was essential, if only to prove that the plan was serious. For the same purpose, special preparations and training exercises were needed to show that the West's engineering troops could surmount any purely physical obstacles to the convoy, such as broken bridges.
Above all, adoption of the Dulles approach demanded bringing the Strategic Air Command to a state of full readiness, whereas presently, despite the widespread impression to the contrary, SAC maintained no air alert. Experiments with an air alert had been made the previous fall and it was found to be practical to maintain a high proportion of SAC's planes always in the air and ready to attack their targets. But that way of maintaining a substantial strike force beyond reach of enemy attack had also been found to be costly and thus a 15-minute ground alert plan had been chosen. As the SAC commander, General Thomas Power, had pointed out, the 15-minute ground alert offered no protection against a Soviet missile strike. The air-missile warning system was not yet complete and it would not be completed for some time to come. Thus the warning time for a missile strike would be zero. With no warning time, SAC's planes on the ground would be destroyed by any successful missile strike, whether there was a 15-minute alert or none at all. If SAC was to bear the main burden of bridging the missile gap, a permanent air alert would be necessary, without regard to the threat at Berlin, and was all the more urgently necessary if the U.S. official policy was to risk a major war if necessary at a time not very distant.
A letter writer indicates that inviting the General Assembly to meet in Charlotte was a fine but extravagant promotional idea and that if the Chamber of Commerce wanted to promote Charlotte, it should place its promotional money where it belonged, cleaning up the slums, helping feed the hungry and needy before providing "free" extravagance to those who did not need charity for the bare essentials of life.
A letter writer wonders whether now that several hundred white children in Virginia had attended school with a few black children, there had been a different effect than if they had been hoeing cotton or picking peas in the same field with the black children or maybe just shopping in the same supermarket.
A letter from the president of the Mecklenburg County Tuberculosis and Health Association indicates that the Department of Commerce had recently announced that census tracts had been approved by Charlotte and Mecklenburg County, a tremendous step forward. The Planning Commission could study the population more effectively and could provide guidance to merchants on the exact population composition of a very limited area, with predictions of how the small area would develop. Churches could take an informed look at their immediate area and health agencies could study their problems in such small areas. Utilities could plan their present and projected needs with great accuracy. He indicates that there were other major steps to be taken as maps had to be prepared for use in taking census at some cost and the tracts had to be used by various agencies, especially public utilities, for them to become dynamic instruments for planning the future. The Planning Commission, the Chamber of Commerce and other interested agencies and people continued to need help and support on that project.
A letter writer from Salisbury indicates that each parent ought try to obtain all of the good ideas which they could into the minds and feelings of their children, and that ideas tended to expand and grow when they had been planned in the right way in the thoughts and souls of children. But, he indicates, ideas had to be presented and understood if they were to bring forth the fruit which was expected. Great books were built of great ideas, emotions and thoughts, which was why people should read all types of good books so that there could be a mind which was a "running stream" for the children from which to drink.
But what if the stream has been polluted upstream by those not minding too much the waste matter which they inject into it? The stream metaphor thus seems to us not entirely apt.
Framed Edition
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