The Charlotte News

Saturday, June 28, 1958

FOUR EDITORIALS

Site Ed. Note: The front page reports from Beirut that a battle had raged for more than 12 hours during the night in Tripoli between Government and rebel forces, according to insurgent sources this date. Eight persons had been killed and about 20 wounded, many of whom had been bystanders caught by stray bullets, according to the reports from Tripoli. Maan Karami, the brother of the rebel leader, Raschid Karami, said that it had been the most violent night for Tripoli since the Lebanese crisis had begun 50 days earlier. Lebanese security forces had been braced for new onslaughts after stopping four rebel attacks the previous day, in the gravest challenge thus far faced by the pro-Western Government of Camille Chamoun. The battle had begun late the previous night when armed men infiltrated close to security force positions, according to Mr. Karami. The shooting had begun to subside during the morning, but at noon artillery could still be heard in the hills surrounding Tripoli. Security forces reportedly used heavy artillery frequently during the battle. It was the third straight day of heavy fighting around the town. An Army communiqué reported that the attacks had been put down the previous day with the help of jet planes, artillery and armored cars, in one of the Army's largest shows of strength during the seven-week rebellion. Heavy fighting had broken out in the morning and again in the afternoon in Beirut's Basta Moslem quarter. Armored cars had wiped out a rebel street barricade to claim one victory. At Rasheiya in southern Lebanon, the communiqué said, an attack on the Army garrison had been driven off in a sharp exchange of gunfire. Another attack at Tripoli had been stopped, according to the Army, after rebels had advanced to within 50 yards of Army positions. The communiqué also claimed that Government troops, outnumbered five to one, had turned back a heavy rebel assault on Mount Tereol in the north with aerial and artillery support. The rebels claimed control of three-quarters of Lebanon, smaller than Connecticut, and said that they would keep fighting until President Chamoun was forced to quit.

Also in Beirut, it was reported that rising irritation with U.N. Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold had been exhibited this date by forces normally opposed to President Chamoun.

In Havana, it was reported that Cuban rebels who had kidnaped ten U.S. and two Canadian engineers from a mining camp had told an American wife of one of the engineers that the men would be treated well and released after a few days. The Government of Fulgencio Batista tried this date to obtain the return of the men. U.S. Ambassador Earl Smith said that he expected "the men will be released fairly soon and unharmed." They had been abducted from Moa on Cuba's northeast tip on Thursday night by 200 rebels whom the U.S. State Department said were commanded by Raul Castro, brother of rebel chief Fidel Castro. Three Cubans had been killed. Fidel Castro had been seeking since December, 1956, to overthrow the Batista regime by attacks from the Sierra Maestra, 100 miles southwest of Moa, although his forces had not been very active since defeats in April. Sr. Castro had accused the U.S. of helping El Presidente Batista. The wife of one of the kidnaped engineers said that a rebel leader had told her that the men were taken in reprisal for alleged U.S. aid but that they would be well treated and released in a few days. Officials of the Moa Bay Mining Co. reportedly had gone into the hills to dicker for the release of the engineers. The officials expressed confidence that Sr. Castro would turn them loose, after they had pointed out that the incident was bad publicity in the U.S. The rebels had dramatized their cause the previous February by kidnaping in Havana Juan Fangio, a world champion auto racing driver from Argentina, and releasing him unharmed. Ambassador Smith said that U.S. Consul Park Wollam was investigating the abduction and would make a full report. The latter was ordered not to try to deal with the rebels. Mr. Wollam said that the raid had begun at night with the rebels routing 14 Army soldiers, during which two civilians and a soldier had been killed, with eight of the engineers taken from quarters 1.5 miles east of Moa and the others from the small city itself. In apparently well-planned fashion, the rebels had withdrawn late that night with medical supplies, food, 19 vehicles and a 2,500-gallon gasoline tank truck. The engineers were employed by Freeport Sulphur Co. of New York and subcontractors to build facilities for mining and concentrating nickel and cobalt.

In Bigwin Inn, Ontario, Canadian Liberal Party leader Lester Pearson said that NATO would crumble within the ensuing year or two unless determined steps were taken to develop a free trade system in the Western world.

In Rawalpindi, Pakistan, police had battled for five hours this date with more than a thousand Pakistani volunteers attempting a peaceful invasion of Indian-held Kashmir. More than 200 volunteers had been reported injured but they had continued their fight.

Representative John Bennett of Michigan said this date that he would insist that House investigators obtain all of Bernard Goldfine's records to find the truth amid conflicting statements in the controversy involving White House chief of staff Sherman Adams and the gifts provided by Mr. Goldfine to him, with Mr. Adams having admitted intervening on his behalf in two pending matters involving Mr. Goldfine's mills, but denying that it was in exchange for the gifts. Mr. Bennett had spoken after hearing testimony from Boston businessman John Fox regarding the relationship between Mr. Goldfine and Mr. Adams. The new testimony had provided further denials. Mr. Bennett, a member of the subcommittee, spoke in an interview as the group appeared to be in disagreement over whether to question Mr. Fox in executive session when he returned before the subcommittee on Monday. The previous day, Mr. Fox, who had published the now-defunct Boston Post, had quoted Mr. Goldfine as having told him that Mr. Goldfine had bought a Washington house for Mr. Adams and had provided checks to Mr. Adams regularly before the latter entered the Administration in 1953. White House press secretary James Hagerty labeled the claims false, indicating that Mr. Adams had rented two houses in which he had lived since coming to Washington and that Mr. Goldfine had never sent to him any checks. NBC commentator David Brinkley had said the previous night that a title search had shown that the house presently occupied by Mr. Adams had been owned by Mrs. Dorothy Kerr since 1924. Late the previous day, Mr. Adams had called the allegation of Mr. Fox "another malicious falsehood", specifically referencing a statement by Mr. Fox that Mr. Goldfine had once said in the presence of Mr. Adams and Mr. Fox that Mr. Adams was "going to take care of" some troubles which Mr. Goldfine was having with the Federal Trade Commission, one of the agencies which Mr. Adams had admitted calling on behalf of Mr. Goldfine, his old friend. Mr. Adams denied that such a statement had ever been made.

At Westover Air Force Base in Massachusetts, top-level investigating teams from the Air Force, the Civil Aeronautics Administration and the aviation industry this date sifted the wreckage of a large Stratotanker to determine what had caused its crash which had taken the lives of 15 men aboard the previous day. The tanker, one of four KC-135's scheduled to fly to England in an attempt to break the annual trans-Atlantic round-trip records, had crashed and exploded seconds after takeoff. Two similar planes, which had taken off before the ill-fated craft, had broken the west-to-east record, while a fourth which had been slated to make the trip did not take off because of the crash. The crashed plane had snapped high tension wires 70 feet above the ground and plummeted to earth in the after-midnight darkness. Its cargo of highly volatile fuel, estimated to be the equivalent of 3 1/2 railroad tank cars, had exploded on impact. Six newsmen, seven crewmen and two observers from the National Aeronautics Association were among those who had died.

Four supersonic jet fighters of the Tactical Air Command had flown across the Atlantic this date in an attempted non-stop high speed flight to Belgium.

In Brussels, it was reported that Olga Lepesjinskaia, once Joseph Stalin's favorite ballerina, had been caught shoplifting in a Brussels department store, according to police this date.

In Camden, N.J., it was reported that the Teamsters strike at the Camden Courier-Post had been settled and truck drivers had been told to report for work this date.

In New York, it was reported that one of the world's largest art auction houses had said this date that despite the recession, its sales since the previous September had been the greatest ever for a similar period.

In Elbing, Kans, three children had perished in a fire which destroyed the two-story frame home of their parents early this date.

In Gaffney, S.C., the solicitor said this date that a statement from a deceased defendant had completely described the bombing of a doctor's home which occurred in the town the previous November 19, but that the statement was deemed by the magistrate to be inadmissible as evidence. The magistrate who had presided the previous day at a hearing involving the four remaining defendants, who had been identified by police as Klansmen, said that it would be Monday before he announced his decision whether to hold them for grand jury action. Defense attorneys, including one Union County State Senator, had raised objections to prevent the statement of the deceased defendant from coming into evidence against the other four, who did not testify at the hearing. The solicitor had said that the dead man's statement was the State's whole case. (Generally, a dying declaration constitutes an exception to the hearsay rule, which generally, with numerous exceptions, forbids out-of-court statements to be introduced for the purpose of showing the truth of the matter asserted, that particular exception being based on the proposition that a dying declaration has inherent in it certain credibility. But the decedent is obviously not in court and subject to cross-examination, and in a criminal case, there are restrictions on use of a co-defendant's admissions offered against the other co-defendants even when the co-defendant is alive and well, though the so-called Bruton rule, established in 1968, forbidding such introduction on the ground of violation of the Sixth Amendment's confrontation of adverse witnesses clause, on the presumption that the defendant's statement admitting guilt would not be subject to cross-examination because the confessing defendant could not be compelled to testify against himself under the Fifth Amendment and not subject therefore to cross-examination, was subject to a curative instruction earlier under a prior case, decided in 1957, that the statement could be introduced and was to be considered by the finder of fact only against the accused declarant. But where the accused was dead and therefore not before the court for adjudication, the obvious conclusion would be that his statement was inadmissible, even under the prior rule, as being irrelevant to establish guilt of the declarant and thus inadmissible. The same would be true regarding a proffered non-hearsay basis of admission on the ground that the statement was an admission against the interest of the declarant and thus also tending to be credible. Krulewitch v. U.S., decided in 1949, might have been persuasive to the magistrate. The precise basis for the magistrate excluding the statement is not provided, nor was there any indication that the statement in question was made as a dying declaration, that is made just before the decedent died. Thus, that exception for admission on that basis cannot be assumed. Even if it had been the case, however, admissibility would still be blocked in a criminal case for violation of the Sixth Amendment. Perhaps, it will be made clearer later on. If that statement was truly the only evidence which the State had implicating the other four, then the reputed Klansmen will likely be freed. But then, SLED might wish to investigate further the death of the confessing co-defendant, with Mickey Spillane and "Kiss Me Deadly" from 1955 in mind. For the man had died on February 27 when a car had slipped off a jack and crushed him while he was working beneath it—not unlike the climactic scene from the 1957 movie, "No Down Payment", about suburban life outside Los Angeles, where the man who had apparently gotten away with a sexual attack on a neighbor received instant karma. The woman who had lived in the dynamited home had contributed to a pamphlet which favored gradual integration, presumably the impetus for the attack, which had not caused any injuries. (Joanne Woodward, incidentally, who played the wife of the man who was killed when the car fell off the jack, completed high school in Greenville, S.C., only about 50 miles down the road from Gaffney, just over the South Carolina line from North Carolina. To avoid scurrilous and unfounded scuttlebutt transmitted by juveniles online with overactive imaginations, many of whom now seem to be working in 2025 for the Administration, overflowing with wine or other inebriants, we should indicate that Ms. Woodward's actual longtime husband never engaged in such nefarious conduct, other than perhaps as a character in a movie.)

Julian Scheer of The News reports that there had been brisk voting in many precincts in Charlotte and Mecklenburg County early this date in the runoff primary elections, with most of the interest centering on the State Senate race between incumbent J. Spencer Bell and State Representative Jack Love. Voting had been particularly heavy in precincts carried by Mr. Love in the first primary of May 31. There had been a large black turnout this date and also a steady stream of voters had gone to the polls in Myers Park and Eastover precincts where Mr. Bell had run strongly. The weather was good.

In Charlotte, it was reported that General Latex and Chemical Corp. of Cambridge, Mass., would locate a new plant in the northern section of the city, with the president of the company indicating to the newspaper this date that the firm hoped to be in operation by November 1. The plant would call for an initial investment of around $500,000 for the building alone and would employ between 35 and 40 persons. The company served a large portion of the rug and upholstery industry in the area and much of the latex, both natural and synthetic, was presently supplied from the firm's Dalton, Ga., location, which would continue to operate. The firm imported natural latex produced in Malaya and acted as the United States representative for Piiolite latices produced by the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. of Akron, O. Most of the latex to be used at the new plant would arrive in the country in bulk shipments to Baltimore from Malaya and would be shipped by rail or truck in bulk to Charlotte. Total employment for the company throughout the country and Canada was about 300.

A woman of Charlotte had won the newspaper's Social Security Game for the week after trying for two weeks, taking home $50 in exchange for making public her Social Security number for anyone who might wish to steal her identity in some far-flung place and commit all kinds of murder, mayhem, and other assorted crimes in her name. We wish her the best and hope it was worth the $50.

In Los Angeles, it was reported that Rafael Trujillo, Jr., son of the Dominican Republic dictator, wanted it understood that he was the captain of his ship, not Zsa Zsa Gabor, telling a newsman that he had seen reports that the latter was planning to give a party on his 350-foot yacht, questioning how that could be when it was his boat. (Had there been an enemy of the Trujillo regime afoot, perhaps having learned his craft as a child, his boat might have been no more, regardless of who sought to use it for parties.)

In Ottawa, it was reported that Canada's parks had broken all previous attendance records in 1957, with a total of 4,054,766 persons having visited the scenic and national historic parks during the year. You can infer from this filler that Ottawa is the capital of Canada.

On the editorial page, "Education: The Case for Discrimination" quotes at length from the Rockefeller Brothers Fund Report, that the 18th century philosophers who had made equality a central term in the political vocabulary had never meant to imply that men were equal in all respects, and neither did Americans at present take such a view, that it was possible to state in simple terms the views concerning equality which would receive the most widespread endorsement in the country at present. "The fundamental view is that in the final matters of human existence all men are equally worthy of our care and concern. Further, we believe that men should be equal in enjoyment of certain familiar legal, civil and political rights. They should, as the phrase goes, be equal before the law." But, the quote had concluded, men were "unequal to their native capacities and their motivations and thus in their attainments."

It indicates that the report on education was the most insistent challenge to the American conscience since the Russians had launched the first Sputnik the prior October. It finds it realistic and that its recommendations were appropriately bold and far-reaching.

The report had found that perhaps the biggest problem of all was "the widely held view that all we require are a few more teachers, a few more buildings, a little more money." It found that such an approach would be disastrous, that the country had to build for the future in education as daringly and aggressively as it had built other aspects of national life in the past, requiring drastic or even revolutionary changes in traditional techniques and attitudes.

The panel saw no alternative to Federal aid to education to enable identifying, nurturing and wisely using every individual's talents, unless there was "a thorough, painful, politically courageous overhaul of state and local tax systems."

It had emphasized that differing abilities to achieve excellence at many levels and in many fields ought be taken into account, and the notion that educating one child differently from another was undemocratic had been discarded once and for all by the panel, indicating that it was self-evident that some children were brighter than others, a recognition which the piece welcomes.

It indicates that it might occur to some educators that it was not un-American to demand higher standards from the brighter children and to "discriminate" in the teaching of basic subjects to different pupils by giving some more intensive teaching, bringing along some students faster than others.

It finds that the report was a mine of information and suggestions about U.S. education, that while some of its findings were open to question, it hopes they were questions which would be discussed and scrutinized critically and debated thoroughly, the only way that an independent survey of the type could hope to have any effect on the status quo. If only one lesson from it could be taken, it would choose the notion that different people ought to be educated in different ways, in different degrees and to different standards. It asserts that wide acceptance of that truth would represent a tremendous step forward.

Now, in 2025, we have a moron in charge of the Department of Education, who favors A-1 education as just Jim-Dandy, while she proposes to dismantle her Department, all at the behest of the King. She needs to return to the wrestling ring, where her skills will be more appreciated. We give her the Rockefeller salute, with which she is bound to be familiar in the wrestling world.

"The U.N. Must Not Fail in Lebanon" indicates that the independence of Lebanon was in danger, that the rebellion masterminded by Egyptian Premier Gamal Abdel Nasser would undoubtedly succeed unless there was active intervention from the West in one form or another.

Either the U.N. would have to take collective action to preserve the peace or the U.S. and Great Britain would have to do the job alone, with the first alternative being preferable. The Anglo-American promise to protect the independence of Lebanon would probably have to be honored if all else were to fail, for if aid were denied, confidence would be shattered in the whole U.S. collective security network. But if the U.S. and British troops were sent to battle the rebels in Lebanon and the United Arab Republic "volunteers", the effect might be equally disastrous, with such words as "aggression" having already been uttered in Moscow.

Premier Nasser again had the West in a box, and yet the skillfulness of his latest maneuvers had forced the West to face a practical reality that should his forces win, the Egyptian dictator would be master of all Arab lands in the Middle East, which could not be allowed to happen.

The U.N., which had saved Premier Nasser during the Suez crisis of 1956, was now in a position to stop him, being faced with a major test of its efficacy. It posits that should the Soviets veto a proper response to President Camille Chamoun's appeal to the U.N. Security Council, the General Assembly ought act without delay.

"Funny Coincidence" indicates that Bernard Goldfine's selection of Roger Robb as one of his attorneys in the Congressional probe regarding his provision of a vicuna coat to White House chief of staff Sherman Adams had reportedly been made on the advice of Mr. Adams.

It wonders whether Mr. Adams had mentioned that Mr. Robb had represented Peter Strobel, General Services Administration commissioner of public buildings, and the late Air Force Secretary Harold Talbott, both of whom had resigned under fire.

"The Hoax of 'Even-Handed Impartiality'" indicates that every time it thought that the witch burners had put away their matches and, as W. H. Auden had said, "Brisker smells abet us,/ Cleaner clouds accost our vision and honest sounds our ears," along came some new silliness to fracture the vision. So it had been recently when the Senate extended the Taft-Hartley Act's non-Communist affidavit requirement to employers.

Originally the affidavits had been required only of officers of unions who desired to use the NLRB in settling disputes, a refinement from the McCarthy era and, like most, had been something of a private joke among NLRB members. Actual Communists would sign anything and if they were especially cautious, could resign from the Communist Party and then sign the affidavit.

Resenting the implication that labor leaders might be Communists, some union officials had raised the cry of "double standard" and demanded that management share the shame. Everybody but the Senate apparently knew that it was a tongue-in-cheek demand, but it was nevertheless taken up by the Senators who felt that they could not let it be said that they had "shielded Communists" anywhere.

But as the Washington Post had aptly noted: "Communist employers desiring recourse to the NLRB are probably as numerous in the United States as bathing beauties in the Kremlin. The pretense of even-handed impartiality between employer and employee which the provision offers is an outright hoax."

Everyone knew that Washington was insufferable in summer, and it was a hot summer, but it was no reason for Congress to inflict the nation with insufferable legislation.

A piece from the Manchester Guardian, titled "Heel of Achilles", indicates that two typists in a big city office had been discussing the relative merits of some of the rising young men, when one girl mentioned the name of a certain bright young man and the other had shaken her head decisively, saying: "No, I don't think he'll get very far, dear. He may have a black homburg and a briefcase but look at his signature. Why even a kid of six could read it!"

Drew Pearson indicates that General "Lightning Joe" Collins, who had taken Cherbourg with speed during the Normandy invasion in 1944 and later had become Army chief of staff, believed that the U.S. would lose the entire Middle East except for Israel. He had made the statement while talking to a group of his Army-Navy cronies at the Army and Navy Club, almost simultaneously while Secretary of State Dulles worried over sending Marines into Lebanon to rescue that country from Arabs favoring Premier Gamal Abdel Nasser and the Soviets. He expressed the belief that the U.S. could not block the tide of Arab nationalism and that in war, the West could not use Middle Eastern oil anyway, that the waterways through the Red Sea and the Suez were too narrow, subjecting them to easy bombing or patrol by submarines. The Russians also had airfields only 400 miles away and could bomb oil installations therefore within a few minutes.

By using oil from Canada, Venezuela and the U.S., he said that the West could get along without Arabian oil, and that in time of peace, the Arabs wanted to sell their oil to the West as much as Western Europe wanted to buy it. He stated: "The Israeli Army is one of the toughest and most modern in the world. As long as they are helped by American Jewry, Israel can survive as the one friendly outpost in the Near East."

The General believed that Premier Charles de Gaulle would be able to save Algerian oil for France, provided he played it smart, would have to keep out American oil companies and would have to make peace with the Algerian Nationalists, that if he did not, there would be a guerrilla war with which he would have to deal for years and which could not be won, as with any guerrilla war.

The White House had once been more careful about receiving gifts, at least certain kinds of gifts than at present. When Prof. Alexander MacBeath of Dublin University had written a treatise titled "Plea for Heretics", it had been printed in pamphlet form by John G. Moore of Pasadena and sent to leaders of American public opinion, including the President. The pamphlet had been returned by the White House, together with a note which read: "The White House regretfully returns this as we can accept no gifts." The note was signed by Sherman Adams. Mr. Moore quipped that perhaps he should have sent a vicuna coat.

The column recently had called attention to the fact that only two Alabama newspapers had supported the gubernatorial candidacy of State Attorney General John Patterson, who was also supported by the Klan, and that both newspapers were owned by outsiders. One, the Dothan Eagle, was owned by Ralph Nicholson, a Quaker-educated Indianan presently living in Florida. But Mr. Pearson had now learned that though the newspaper had supported Mr. Patterson, it had come out editorially against the Klan as a "discredited, rejected, and repudiated outfit." He thus states that in fairness to Mr. Nicholson, he was calling attention to the fact. Mr. Patterson, he notes, had won the election.

Walter Lippmann indicates that the U.S. District Court judge who had granted the request of the Little Rock school board for a postponement of desegregation for 2 1/2 years until the beginning of 1960, had raised the question which would otherwise have faced the country when school opened at the end of September, whether the President once again would send troops to Central High School and whether it would be placed under military guard indefinitely into the future.

As indicated, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals, by reversing the District Court and ordering desegregation to proceed under the original District Court orders of the previous year, that decision to be then affirmed in late September by the Supreme Court, would make those questions less than academic.

Mr. Lippmann indicates that there had been no progress during the previous year toward acceptance of integration, even the meager amount at the high school involving seven black pupils, one of the original nine having graduated the previous spring and one having withdrawn. Governor Orval Faubus appeared still determined to prevent integration and the President was still committed to use of Federal military power if integration was resisted under Federal court orders.

He suggests that the deadlock was the reason why men of good will and good faith, such as the superintendent of the Little Rock schools, Virgil Blossom, and Arkansas Gazette executive editor, Harry Ashmore, had agreed on the breathing spell for integration. The alternative appeared to be renewed military occupation of the high school.

During the previous school year, the tension, unrest and distraction had caused "the orderly administration of the school" to be practically disrupted and there was every reason to believe that if the military occupation were renewed, the situation would be at least as bad, and probably worse.

The judge had said that the timing of his decision was deliberate, and because it had come just prior to the end of the Supreme Court's regular term, there could be no drifting through the summer, placing the country and the Administration in a squeeze whereby it was damned if it did and damned if it did not. If the Administration did not support the appeal of the order, it would mean that Governor Faubus had succeeded, at least for as long as he was likely to remain in office, in nullifying the law as set forth by the courts, essentially confirming that nullification was tolerable. But if on appeal, the judge's order were reversed, the Government would have won a technical victory which in fact condemned it to use troops to compel integration, the last thing which the Administration wanted to do and the last thing which the "wiser friends of civil rights can want the Administration to do."

The case for accepting the delay, Mr. Lippmann thinks, would be compelling, provided there were a guarantee that the time gained would be used constructively and not lazily squandered. Unfortunately, there was no such guarantee. The President had never accepted the idea that when Brown v. Board of Education had been decided it had become the duty of the Government to see that plans were worked out to carry out the decision. As a result, social revolution in an important part of the country had been encouraged from Washington, but had never been guided, rather being allowed to proceed in an "anarchy of sporadic lawsuits."

He finds it to be the duty of the President to bring about continuing consultation among the leaders of opinion, officials and professional educators on the questions as to where, when, and how to begin integration in the various localities. He does not believe that consultation would have approved beginning the great social change by insisting on integration in a high school for adolescents which was coeducational. He supposes that consultation would have supported the idea of beginning integration in a state such as Arkansas at the upper levels of education, particularly in the graduate schools.

He indicates that the examples were merely illustrative of the kind of guidance which the country needed if there were to be a peaceable way out of the deadlock, asserting that without guidance of that kind, there would be several years ahead of "confusion, disorder, and civil bitterness."

He was, sadly, quite correct in that prediction, though in many locales in the South integration occurred without trouble.

Robert C. Ruark, in Palamos, Spain, comments on the tourist season beginning in Europe and other places around the globe, for which he offers tips to foreign travelers. He recommends first becoming familiar with the native language. He advises not to expect hot dog stands in Saudi Arabia or an ice cream parlor on every corner in Madrid. Baseball was unlikely to be found in France, at least on a major league basis, "since the last Cabinet probably deserted to Los Angeles."

All taxi drivers would provide an argument to the passenger except in Spain, where they were generally as lost as the passenger and expected sympathy. Paris cab drivers did not want to go where the passenger desired, rather wanting to stop off and visit their mistresses while the passenger waited. Roman drivers were all frustrated race drivers and were sore because nobody asked them to enter the the Viente Miglia.

He advises that in Rome, not to observe the sidewalk as a safety zone as it was a secret hunting country for the more predatory chauffeurs.

The water could be drunk anywhere, and the tourist would have a "Gyppy tummy" anywhere, anyhow, especially when returning to New York, the water of which he was not certain about.

All aircraft arrived early and left late during tourist season, and during the off-season, they arrived late and left early, which he describes as his "Immutable Law", time-tested for more than 2.5 million miles.

Hotels would provide the mail a couple of days after the guest had asked for it, because the boy at the mail desk was not quite sure of the name of the guest. A tip generally improved the suspicious situation. If one over-tipped, not only the held mail would be provided but also the mail of a miser.

Wine would get the tourist as "stiff as sour-mash bourbon if you drink enough of it." That did not apply to English beer, which seemed to be constructed of straw.

There would be no taxis at any airport if the plane arrived late at night, and the bus would have gone to the other airport when it was due at the point of arrival.

In most hotels, there would be no record of advance booking because the night receptionist was a Portuguese from Goa who was a summer replacement and busy learning the local language. One could ring interminably for the room waiters, only to find that they had gone to the racetrack for the weekend. But when the guest checked out, they would have arrived back and brought their families, each member of which had been trained from birth to seek a tip.

It would rain wherever the person was and be sunny wherever the person had just left. "But if you keep some semblance of a sense of humor, don't yell, and exercise normal politeness, you'll have one helluva fine time." He says one would also discover that most of the ordinary people acted just the same everywhere, regardless of race or language, and were eager to repay friendship in kind.

A letter writer wonders why the newspaper disliked City Recorder's Court Judge Basil Boyd, whom he had known for 25 years. He believes the newspaper could not dig up any wrong he had ever done and that he was smarter and far ahead of the "picked politicians", and had made the best judge on the bench since he had been in Charlotte. He implores the newspaper to give him a break until it could prove something against him.

A letter writer indicates that with compulsory automotive insurance only a year on the books, he sees by the newspaper that the insurance companies wanted to increase rates by as much as seven dollars per year. He wonders who was to benefit from the law, that it was a certainty the motorist would get it in the neck and that the only way the accident rate would be reduced would be by strict driver's license examination and law enforcement.

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