The Charlotte News
Thursday, February 6, 1958
FOUR EDITORIALS
Site Ed. Note: The front page reports from Paris that for the second time in a month, France had found itself in a dispute with a Communist country this date over the stoppage of a Communist ship at sea in search of arms. The latest incident had involved a 10,000-ton Polish freighter, which had been halted in the Atlantic three days earlier for suspicion that it was carrying arms intended for Algerian rebels, though no arms had been found. The Polish Government, in announcing the previous night a protest against violation of freedom of the seas, said that three warships had intercepted the freighter and that a French officer and four sailors had searched its hold. The French Government admitted that its warships had stopped the freighter, indicating that the ship was allowed to continue its voyage after no arms had been found. On January 18, French Navy units had halted a 5,000-ton Yugoslav freighter bound for Casablanca off the Algerian coast and forced it to unload 150 tons of arms at Oran. The arms had been confiscated. The Government spokesman had stated that France was exercising a "right of legitimate defense" in hailing any ship suspected of carrying arms to the rebels. For many months, the French had admitted stopping many ships in Algerian coastal waters and checking them for suspected arms cargoes, but until the Yugoslav freighter had been stopped, no protests had been reported.
In Cairo, Yemen's crown prince and Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser this date began negotiations on the Yemeni request to federate with the new United Arab Republic, formed between Egypt and Syria.
Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts was planning this date to introduce legislation to increase unemployment compensation payments and extend coverage of the program, saying that the bill was designed to bring improvements which the President had urged the states to make, though no state had done so. He said that the legislation was now needed because "unemployment has passed the 4 million mark and may well reach 5 million in the near future." The bill would set up Federal requirements for many aspects of the unemployment compensation program presently left to the states. It would provide for a benefit period of 39 weeks instead of the 26 weeks suggested to the states by the President, a period which varied widely from state to state; would fix maximum weekly benefit payments at two-thirds of the state's average weekly wage, whereas benefits presently averaged only one-third of lost wages; would extend coverage to all firms employing one or more persons, whereas present law covered those with four or more employees; and would establish a reinsurance fund and contingency administration expense fund to help the states worst hit by unemployment. Senator Kennedy said that the bill would not require any increase in the present 3 percent maximum unemployment tax.
An unexpected increase in unemployment had brought a request from the Administration for emergency funds to administer unemployment insurance laws.
In Denver, it was reported that a 47-year old man of San Pablo, California, former official of the International Union of Mine, Mill & Smelter Workers, had been convicted the previous night of perjury for twice denying that he was a Communist.
In Munich, it was reported that a British European Airways plane, carrying Britain's championship soccer team, had crashed on takeoff at the Munich Airport this date, an airport spokesman indicating that there were several dead. A spokesman for the airline in London reported that 40 persons had been aboard and that there were only 10 to 15 survivors, but the airport spokesman indicated that there were 44 persons aboard and that the number of dead was not yet known. Airport officials said that the plane had failed to make the takeoff from the runway, had crashed into houses of a nearby village and burst into flames. Rescue teams were still at the burning wreckage trying to pull out the injured. One unconfirmed eyewitness reported that 16 badly burned bodies had been recovered from the wreckage. The team reported by the airline to be aboard was the Manchester United, England's soccer league champions for the previous two seasons. The club, with 17 players and three officials, had been returning to England. The team had been outstanding in postwar soccer and was one of the most valuable in the world.
At March Air Force Base in California, it was reported the previous night that a six-engine B-47 Stratojet bomber was missing and presumed lost with its three-man crew. Planes were searching for it in the area of San Miguel Island, 45 miles off the coast of Santa Barbara.
In Palmdale, Calif., a jet fighter plane had crashed in the front yard of a home this date just after taking off from the airport 35 miles north of Los Angeles, with a sheriff's substation reporting that there were no reports of casualties.
Passenger tickets on 25 of the nation's airlines might cost more starting the following Monday, as the 25 airlines had asked the Civil Aeronautics Board the previous day to authorize a 4 percent fare increase, plus an added one dollar service charge for each ticket, to become effective on February 10.
In Tokyo, the Maritime Safety Board reported that a Japanese Antarctic expedition ship had radioed that it had broken into the open sea this date from an ice pack which had trapped it for 46 days, 1,500 miles from the South Pole.
In New York, seven teenage boys had been brought to trial this date on first-degree murder charges in the death of a 15-year old boy, crippled by polio, who had been beaten, knifed and kicked to death in a park the previous summer. The court had appointed 27 attorneys at a fee of $500 each to defend the boys in the trial, and several were prominent criminal defense attorneys who commanded fees as much as $25,000 per case. In all, 18 boys had been arrested for the homicide, but lesser charges had been placed against 11 of them. Of those on trial, two were white, two were black, two were Puerto Rican and one had come from the Dominican Republic, with their ages ranging between 15 and 18. The victim of the slaying, who had to use crutches because of an attack of polio, was the son of a city fireman. The prior July 30, late at night, he and a 16-year old friend had been talking over the possibility of going for a swim in a park pool when they were attacked by a group identified as members of a male gang frequenting the neighborhood. The gang was said to have been at odds with another group over territorial rights to the swimming pool. Authorities said that neither the victim nor his friend was a member of any gang. In his opening statement to the all-male jury, the prosecutor had not said specifically why he thought the two boys had been attacked. He said that the victim had been unable to run, had been struck by fists and feet, dog chains, garrison belts, clubs, metal pipes, knives and machetes, finally left fatally injured, while his friend was injured but had managed to escape.
In Greenfield, Mass., a judge sentenced three youths, accused of stealing $12 in house-to-house March of Dimes collections, ordering them to pay $120 to the fund.
In Vienna, it was reported that the Communist-controlled Polish national news agency had reported from Sofia that hundreds of "hooligans" and other "demoralizing youths" had been deported from Bulgarian cities to the countryside to work on farms.
Speaking of revoluciones and regicidal attempts, inspired by youth crossing swords with su padron, here is a view
In Redwood City, Calif., a house painter had been jailed this date because his stepdaughter, 9, had handed a penciled note to a school official the previous day which read: "I love you very much. And this is why I am writing this note to you. My father is not my real father, he is my second father, and he does not like me and wants to get rid of me. And my mother is my real mother but she does not like me either. My father said he wanted me to run away and live with someone else. He said as long as I live in the same house as he does, every night I will get whipped. And I don't want to get whipped. So will you please take me home with you? I will love you very much. And then I would be happy. Because you think I am happy when I help you but I am not happy. I already packed my clothes this morning. So please take me home with you. Please is all I can say. Please. Please. Please. Love." The child had a bruise over her left eye. The stepfather was charged with child beating, but insisted that "the kid needs psychiatric treatment," contending that she had stolen dolls from a store, had set booby-traps and "ran to the kitchen and got a butcher knife".
In Houston, the young wife of a middle-aged lawyer had argued with him, left home, picked up an old boyfriend at a bar and shortly thereafter watched her husband fatally shoot the boyfriend five times in a plush motel room early during the morning. The victim, 23, was an unemployed ex-Marine. The alleged assailant was a former district attorney, who talked freely with reporters and officers about the slaying. The wife, 27, sobbed at the police station early this date and declared that she would stick with her husband through the matter, if he would have her. Police had found the body of the man fully clothed, beside a bed in a room of the motel, shot five times. The wife had met both her future husband and the boyfriend at a bar near the same motel the previous June, though the men had not been together. She had picked up the boyfriend at the same bar late the previous night. The couple had been wed the prior November. The wife said that she had been leaving her husband for good the previous night after they had argued, for they could not get along. She then had registered at the motel and headed for the bar where she met her boyfriend. The pair then returned to the motel room, bringing along beer and whiskey with them. The lawyer said that he believed something like that was going on and drove around looking for his wife until he saw her car parked at the motel. He found his wife registered, knocked on her door and demanded admittance, talking to her through the door for 15 minutes. He went down to his car and she had followed him. He then retrieved his pistol, had gone back upstairs and found the boyfriend, gesturing toward the body as he talked to police. The wife had followed her husband back into the room and witnessed the shooting. The lawyer had telephoned police and said: "I just had to shoot a man over my wife. I'll wait here." The couple had been in the motel room when the officers arrived. The lawyer said that he had shot the man, "just like any man would who is a man." The weapon was a .25-caliber pistol. The lawyer was charged, though the charge is not specified, and was released without bond. Well, this is Texas, where there is, or was, that "unwritten law", and so he will probably get off with probation and a weekend in jail, if that, maybe a fine of $10 for good measure. (As the case disappears from the prints after his indictment, also on an unspecified charge, on May 1, it appears likely the case fizzled aborning. A person bumping off a man's wife must be bumped off.)
In New York, Lee Ann Merriwether, Miss America of 1955, had announced her engagement this date to Broadway actor Frank Aletter. She said that the wedding would take place during July in San Francisco, where her mother lived.
Dick Young of The News reports that a 200-year old Spanish cannon, named "El Dominante", on which Charlotte schoolchildren had played for years, was on its way to become part of an old Spanish fort at Saint Augustine, Fla. For nearly 30 years, the cannon had a commanding position at the north yard of the old D. H. Hill school, erected by the Stonewall Jackson chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy in 1929 to mark the site of the Charlotte Military Academy and to honor the memory of Confederate General D. H. Hill. For the previous several years, the National Park Service had been interested in recovering the ancient Spanish cannon.
Emery Wister of The News reports that starting Saturday, the price of flattop haircuts would rise from $1.25 to $1.50 in certain shops in the southern part of the city, and would likely rise commensurately in other shops across the city to follow suit. In practically all of the white barbershops within the city, haircuts cost $1.25, while in the black barbershops, the standard price was $1. Under the new price system, the regular haircuts would remain at the same price, but the barbers complained that it took longer to fashion the flattops and so it had to cost a couple of bits more. One barber said the flattop dulled the clipper blades also and took from 25 to 30 minutes while the ordinary haircut took only about 20 minutes. A check of barbers in the suburbs indicated that several operators had not yet decided whether to raise their prices also. One said that if half of the shops raised their prices, they would have to follow suit "to keep harmony". What if the flattop customer comes in grooving up slowly in a souped-up jitney?
On the editorial page, "Let Brooklyn Wrestle the Nightmare" finds that the rash of stabbings, rapes and killings in and around Brooklyn schools had appeared to result in a prideful exercise in self-justification by editors, politicians and municipal officials.
Senator Herman Talmadge of Georgia, offering his sympathy, implied that the incidents proved the wisdom of legal segregation. Spurning that sympathy, Senator Jacob Javits from New York heatedly indicated that integration had nothing to do with the problem, a comment underscored by a group of New York ministers, both black and white.
Meanwhile, the city's court and school officials argued over the propriety of stationing policemen within the schools. Some Southern editors who denounced Federal intervention in Little Rock the prior fall insisted that troops ought be sent to Brooklyn. Some Northern editors who lectured eloquently about Little Rock were now intensely concerned with problems in Afghanistan. It finds the militance misplaced, that the face-saving and finger-pointing had left too little time for devising direct action to safeguard the physical safety and mental health of thousands who attended the Brooklyn schools.
It indicates that New York officials had avoided reality when they claimed that racial tensions had played no significant role in the problem. The New York Times had reported: "The problem has been most pressing in neighborhoods undergoing ethnic change. For example the influx of Negroes or Puerto Ricans into what had been white neighborhoods, as in Manhattan's upper West Side, parts of the Bronx and Brooklyn, has roused racial tensions. Stabbings, rapes, killings have resulted." It finds that under such circumstances, the adherence of New York officials to a policy of massive integration for the sake of integration appeared dangerous.
But it also finds that there was a problem beyond racial tensions which segregation would not solve, that gang warfare had been involved, along with hooliganism, psychotics on the loose, broken homes, neighborhood instability and other factors in the large and complex area of crime loosely referred to as juvenile delinquency. It finds it to be a nightmare and one that would not be resolved by simple, pat solutions or political rhetoric.
It suggests that Southerners should be grateful that they were not heir to such metropolitan ills, and ought be content to leave the solutions to those who had the problem, providing the North a good example from which it could profit, while permitting the South to concentrate its concern on its own considerable problems in race relations.
"After All the Fireworks, Togetherness" suggests that the Army might share some of its secrets with the Navy, to help the latter get its Vanguard off the launching pad, following the second failed attempt at launching a satellite into orbit the previous day, the first having occurred December 6.
It recognizes that Vanguard was a highly specialized rocket, but suggests that other principles of rocketry were fundamental and their perfection could be sped up by a broad, centralized program with sharing of experts and data.
It finds the situation had been devastatingly depicted on the page by cartoonist Herblock on November 23, when he had drawn two U.S. military men peering upward as a huge Soviet missile roared across the sky, with the caption, "Whew!" ascribed to one of them as he wiped his brow, "At first I thought it was sent out by one of the other services."
It finds that when the Army had finally launched Explorer the prior Friday, there had been a great amount of reporting about a sportsmanlike note of congratulations from the Navy. It reminds that the race to launch U.S. satellites was not a football game between Army and Navy, but rather a common cause, with the Soviets as the common opponent. It thus suggests that the two branches perfect their aerial game together.
"Lost Again" indicates that radio station disc jockey Melvin West was lost again on his second attempt to take a motorboat from Morehead City, N.C., to Bermuda. It indicates that it was all for adventure and that Mr. West would have to be saved if he got into trouble again, but that at a time when volunteers for trips to the moon were needed, the continuing public expenditure on his personal obsession with motor boating was getting more than a little tiresome.
It is at least a relief that the story which had appeared on Monday in abbreviated form in the "World News" column was not the result of a Groundhog Day glitch in the teletype machine, as we had first perceived it, for the simultaneously renewed story regarding the admissions by the firebug in Chapel Hill, having also appeared in early January.
"'Big Little Airport' Needs Enlarging" indicates that the Air Transport Association's report on air traffic delays had merely confirmed what veteran travelers had been upset about for months, that Charlotte's airport was fast becoming one of commercial aviation's more exasperating bottlenecks. The ten-month survey showed that "air traffic delays at Charlotte continue to accelerate at a rate which exceeds the growth noted for total flight operations and air carrier operations."
It indicates that the ATA had properly named Charlotte as a "big little airport" with more than its share of congestion problems. Air carrier operations in Charlotte surpassed those in Houston, Seattle, and San Antonio, all larger cities than Charlotte. Furthermore, the airport's total operations during the ten months which had been surveyed regularly surpassed traffic in New Orleans, Seattle and Louisville.
It indicates that the local airport would decrease in importance unless swift measures were undertaken to meet new needs. The primary reason for air traffic delays was clogged runways. It suggests plans be prepared for a new runway to parallel the airport's main landing strip.
It concludes that aviation's "wild, blue yonder promises even greater economic rewards in the future if the city will simply keep pace with the challenge."
A piece from the Hartford Courant, titled "Monsterized Frankenstein", indicates that an encouraging result of the two Sputniks had been that they had ended a depressing phase of American history, marked by intense suspicion of eggheads and disparagement of science.
A study had been made by anthropologist Dr. Margaret Mead as to what American youth thought of scientists, finding that a cross-section of high school students, comprised of 35,000 in 18 schools, when asked what picture the word suggested to them, stated that the mental image conveyed was that of Frederic March drinking a potion which turned him into Mr. Hyde.
It suggests that many things had contributed to that stereotype. Some junior high pupils had sketched mad scientists from their own imaginations, which appeared to have come from comic books. The present onslaught of horror films on television also had not helped, and even advertising had presented laboratory slaves, an image which had become fixed in the minds of Americans.
Drew Pearson indicates that thus far it had been the Republican members of the Moulder committee, investigating the FCC, who had voted solidly and unanimously against doing any deep-rooted investigation, despite the committee having been allotted a quarter of a million dollars to do so. That money had now been spent and the preliminary evidence was available. Reluctantly, the Republicans had been forced by public opinion into a probe of free color television sets and free travel for FCC officials. But the television scandals went much deeper and, says Mr. Pearson, if the Republicans were afraid of stepping on Republican toes, there were some toes of Democrats they could also step on.
Those included former Governor of South Carolina and former Secretary of State James Byrnes, who had long been known as "Mr. Democrat" of the Southeast. He had sent a letter to the U.S. Court of Appeals, urging speedy action on WSPA, television station near Spartanburg, in which his wife owned stock. As a former Supreme Court Justice, albeit for only one term before resigning to take over as war mobilizer at the start of World War II, Mr. Byrnes had known that it was unethical to write such a letter. Yet, he had written it to the late Chief Judge Harold Stephens on behalf of the station in which Mr. Byrnes's wife owned stock. The Court of Appeals, however, held against the station, but despite that, the FCC three times had supported the station in permitting it to switch its antenna from Hog Back Mountain to Paris Mountain, despite the fact that it knocked a UHF station out of business and provided unfair competition to a second station.
The Republicans could also look at Senator Lyndon Johnson. Lady Bird Johnson was head of the LBJ Co., which owned a radio station and two television stations in Texas. Her husband's prestige had not hurt her in obtaining those stations, and she had been paid in the past $25,000 as chairman of the board, which had been questioned by income tax agents on the ground that she could not operate the stations in Texas while living in Washington with her husband, a dispute settled in her favor, though not set for investigation by the Moulder committee. Mr. Pearson suggests that the point to be investigated was how the Johnson family had gotten its first big television license for KTBC in Austin, that any investigation would reveal a series of so-called "quickie" grants to the Johnsons and many others, put across under FCC chairman Paul Walker, a Democrat, when the Democrats dominated the Commission. He indicates that those grants had been one of the most unfair developments in the telecasting business, that among other things, they had helped put UHF television almost out of business, with the UHF band being where a lot of television licenses could be granted instead of the few available on the VHF band in any given market.
When the FCC had unfrozen television after the war, an applicant for a license would get together with a competing applicant, persuade the competitor to drop out, and then file a new application late in the day, just a few minutes before the FCC closed. Then early the next day, there being no competition, the FCC would automatically grant the license. If the person had filed two hours before closing time, he could not have gotten away with it, as other attorneys would have seen the new, non-competitive application and would have filed a competing one. For a period of time, the FCC had remained open until 7:00 p.m. to let such revised applications be filed. Then, the next morning, the license would be granted, not on the basis of what was good for the community, but only on the basis that there was no competition.
Walter Lippmann indicates that Explorer had made Americans feel better, that the country was behind the Russians in missile and satellite technology, but that, nevertheless, the U.S. was now in the race. The newly launched satellite, therefore, was a good popular antidote to the panicky view that the U.S. was in mortal danger, while not washing out the main portent of Sputnik, that, while starting at the end of World War II, with Russia devastated, Soviet technology had been far more primitive than that in the U.S., they had achieved a rate of scientific and technological development faster than that of the U.S. Sputnik showed not merely that they had mastered a particular specialty but that they had generated tremendous momentum in the physical sciences and their application.
But though Explorer was in the sky, there was no reason to believe that the comparative rate of development was thus back in balance or in favor of the U.S. Russia was still moving at a much faster pace technologically. Mr. Lippmann suggests that the U.S. had to move forward along three broad paths, the first being to find out how to make the Government better able than it presently was to take and carry out long-range decision-making, finding that missile progress had been retarded by bureaucratic confusion, presided over by political appointees who did not understand the issues they were supposed to decide. He finds that it required a reorganization within the Pentagon, but that the trouble would not be cured there alone, and the White House and committees in Congress had at least an equal responsibility.
He suggests that the second path was even broader, the transformation of American education, generally declining in quality as the number of students became increasingly large in number, overwhelming the capacity of schools and colleges, thus under pressure to reduce their intellectual standards. He indicates that there was a tendency in American education to teach more students less within the great disciplines which formed an educated person, posing a danger to American society. While the U.S. could defend itself adequately, there had to be a worry about the decline in the level of education, which, along with the vulgarization of the cultural standards in mass society, could lead to "second-rate people, fat, Philistine, and self-indulgent."
The third path was to learn to adjust to the hard facts of life, that Western society, of which the U.S. was the strongest member, was no longer paramount and now only an equal among the great societies of the world. Britain and France had been forced to learn in the present generation what Sweden and Spain had learned in earlier times, that they were no longer the main centers of power and influence for all of mankind. At the end of World War II for a few years, the U.S. had been the paramount center of power and influence in the world, with the fundamental premise of the U.S. having been its paramount role in Western society, a fact, but a transitory one.
The postwar era was now ending and the reality to which the U.S. had to adjust was that it was an equal but not a paramount power, a reality with which Secretary of State Dulles had not yet come to terms. Thus, U.S. and Western policy, while being tough on the outside in the language it used, was unrealistic and wishful on the inside.
He concludes that time would tell and that the realities of the structure of power in the world were forcing Secretary Dulles to attend meetings he did not wish to attend regarding questions to which the obsolescent policies of the U.S. provided no safe and satisfactory answers.
Doris Fleeson finds that it appeared there would be a summit meeting, probably in August, as most Democrats wanted one to try to break the present stalemate in Soviet-U.S. relations. But because the mid-1955 Geneva Big Four summit had been followed by about three months of good feeling, it gave the Democrats pause for the midterm elections regarding a summit meeting in August. Yet, they would have to take it if it were to happen then. If so, it would be in the back of the minds of Democratic members of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee when it would begin its promised intensive survey of foreign policy.
Not all Democrats were in agreement on how to deal with the Russians and it was common at present to hear criticism of former Secretary of State under President Truman, Dean Acheson, from high-ranking Democrats, including many of the party's intellectuals. The former Secretary had drawn especially pointed criticism for his disavowal of the policy statements set forth in a series of addresses for the BBC by former State Department planner George Kennan. Mr. Acheson had chosen to denounce Mr. Kennan on behalf of all Democrats, resented by those Democrats, some in the Senate, who believed that Mr. Kennan had a least broken the ice by bringing forward new ideas regarding how to end the stalemate between East and West. In comparing the previous statements of Mr. Acheson, they professed to see some of the same frozen positions for which they had criticized Secretary Dulles. They blamed Mr. Acheson also for the fact that former President Truman, still a powerful force in the party, held fast to his view that Russia could not be trusted, a view which would forever prevent negotiations between the U.S. and the Soviets.
Those Democrats were also upset over the draft of a foreign policy statement prepared for the previous week's meeting of the Democratic Advisory Committee, prepared by Paul Nitze, one-time head of the State Department's policy staff while Mr. Acheson had been Secretary. The statement had failed to discuss the peace aims which most members thought the party should emphasize.
Republicans had at least provided the Democrats some laughter over the latest of a long series of attempts to fire Harold Stassen from the Administration. The previous weekend's newspapers had carried stories saying that while Mr. Stassen's more liberal ideas about dealing with the Russians were being adopted, the Administration had decided that Mr. Stassen himself would have to leave. He was busy running for the Republican gubernatorial nomination in Pennsylvania, according to the stories, and it had been displeasing to the President. Furthermore, Mr. Stassen could no longer be allowed to report directly to the President but would have to go through Secretary Dulles, who did not agree with Mr. Stassen's ideas. In addition, according to the stories, Mr. Stassen was "too controversial". The idea that Mr. Stassen was as controversial as Mr. Dulles was what made the Democrats laugh.
Ms. Fleeson concludes that Mr. Stassen might leave the Administration soon, as he would have to file his papers by mid-March to run for the gubernatorial nomination in Pennsylvania. Until that time, it would take more than a newspaper story to fire him. As far as he was concerned, if the President wanted him to resign, all he needed to do was to ask him personally.
A letter writer from Rock Hill, S.C., indicates that columnist Marquis Childs, on February 3, had stated that former President Truman's "warm admirers who remained loyal to him through the days when the Korean War, mink coats and food freezers figured large in the headlines, believe he is well on the way to becoming rehabilitated in public opinion." The writer takes it to suggest that the former President might have been able to beat President Eisenhower in 1956 had he been the nominee— though no one had suggested any such thing. He says that Mr. Truman had never lost the love and affection of the majority of the American people despite the snide asides of Mr. Childs. Rock Hill had been buzzing with delight when Edward R. Murrow had interviewed Mr. Truman. "The warmth and genuineness of the man showed brightly through the electronic tubes. Ah, if only we could say that about our beloved Ike whose shining glory has been dimmed by the tarnish of Madison Avenue gimmicks."
Unfortunately, the interview of the former President by Mr. Murrow has not appeared online in its original format, only in jumbled snippets, outtakes and retakes, the sum of which is only a morass of confusion, conveying little, if anything, of substance.
A letter writer from Great Falls, S.C., responds to the letter of J. R. Cherry, Jr., appearing January 24, wishing this letter writer to name the innocent people who had appeared before HUAC and suffered damage because of those appearances. He says that he would do better than that and point out to Mr. Cherry that the U.S. as a whole was greatly damaged because of that Committee's activities.
A letter writer says, "Three cheers for Charlotte: More bonds! Higher rents! Higher prices!"
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