The Charlotte News

Monday, November 17, 1958

TWO EDITORIALS

Site Ed. Note: The front page reports from Havana that Cuba's civil war was rapidly increasing in intensity, with Government and rebel forces under Fidel Castro each trying for a knockout blow. The Government now had about 12,000 troops in Oriente Province, center of the rebellion. Little did he know, but El Presidente Fulgencio Batista had only another 44 days in power. What had looked like for two years a tepid and unlikely revolution would finally gather enough strength to push out the existing Government, built on repression and corruption, fealty to the most corrupt of the gambling underworld who ran the casinos and paid off the existing Government to remain in operation, with the promise of something better having been irresistible to the downtrodden masses. Through a looking glass, indeed...

In Geneva, it was reported that Russia had proposed an international treaty this date to prevent aircraft from carrying nuclear weapons over the territory of other countries and across the high seas. The proposal had been submitted by Soviet Deputy Foreign Minister Vassily Kuznetsov to the ten-nation conference regarding prevention of surprise attack. Western officials said that the proposal was completely outside the scope of the talks and the submission had taken them by surprise. The West had submitted a new proposal for a plan of work for the conference, understood to insist that the talks be confined to technical, nonpolitical matters. In the Western view, the conference had been called only to discuss methods of surprise attack and the procedures required for an international alert system to guard against such attack. The Soviet Union had sought since the opening of the talks on November 10 to bring in a whole range of political and disarmament questions, which the Western experts had refused to discuss. The talks regarding suspension of nuclear testing had been deadlocked, with little hope of agreement. Western sources said that if there was to be any change, the Soviets would have to make the effort.

In Vatican City, Pope John XXIII this date called a pre-Christmas consistory for December 15 to create ten non-Italian and 13 Italian cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church. Two cardinals-designate were named from the U.S., Msgr. Richard James Cushing, 63, Archbishop of Boston, and Msgr. John F. O'Hara, 70, Archbishop of Philadelphia. The Vatican had said that the present members of the College of Cardinals would meet in secret consistory on December 15 to confirm the Pope's nominations. The Pontiff would present the red hats of their rank to the new cardinals in a private ceremony on December 17 and a public consistory honoring them would be held the following day. Amleto Cicognani, apostolic delegate to the U.S., who was stationed in Washington, also had been nominated to be a cardinal. The consistory, the first of Pope John's new reign, would increase the membership of the College of Cardinals for the first time in nearly four centuries, from 70 to 75. The present 70-member College, a complement established by Pope Sixtus V, had 18 vacancies. Francis Cardinal Spellman of New York and James Francis Cardinal McIntyre of Los Angeles were the present American cardinals.

In Charlotte, the criminal trial of City Recorder's Court Judge Basil Boyd had begun in Superior Court this date regarding charges that he had willfully neglected his official duties. Four other persons indicted on charges stemming from the investigation of his court had also entered not guilty pleas with him. Those included three bail bondsmen, charged with obstructing justice and conspiracy to obstruct justice, and the former court clerk, charged with willful neglect of his official duties and embezzlement, the latter being the only felony charge facing any of the five defendants. Attorneys for the clerk and one of the bail bondsmen had made motions to dismiss, and the court deferred a ruling on those motions until both cases were called. Only a handful of spectators had shown up this date for the preliminaries and selection of the jury, but there were predictions that crowds would increase when attorneys would begin presenting evidence.

Meanwhile, we hope no one is induced to step out onto the ledge.

On the editorial page, "Massive Resistance Has Done Its Work" finds that officialdom in Virginia, whose tactic of "massive resistance" to integration had brought it to the threshold of a long, dreary winter of educational discontent, now was giving signs of turning back. "Massive resistance" had done its work and averted desegregation in the public schools of Virginia, but only at dire cost, as the mechanism had closed nine white schools in Norfolk, Charlottesville, and Warren County, resulting in 13,000 schoolchildren presently being out of school.

Governor J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., and the editors of the Richmond newspapers had spent the previous four years wandering among the ruins and voicing the shibboleths of 100 years earlier, but at last had raised the white flag of recognition that whatever victory which Virginia had one was pyrrhic in nature, a victory with casualties so heavy that it was no longer tolerable to fight on the same ground. It finds it to have been the harvest of an earnest, but tragically misguided, scheme to turn away Federal courts and the orders they had issued, a harvest "of blind, unyielding adherence to a ragged standard against which time, circumstance, legality and, we suspect, the consciences of many troubled Virginians were working."

It suggests that North Carolina could ill afford to smile in complacent self-satisfaction at that "surrender", despite the fact that North Carolina had been borne out in its approach, practicing gradual desegregation without defying the law, preferable to the solution in Virginia of closing the public schools. North Carolina had seen the wisdom of its State Supreme Court Court, declaring that Federal law had to be upheld along with pupil assignment and local option by school boards.

That Virginia might now contemplate turning to the course on which North Carolina had traveled for some time made strange and bitter balderdash of the words with which, just the previous week, former Governor Guy Tuck of Virginia had criticized North Carolina and its public officials, speaking of the latter and of Tennessee as having "succumbed to senseless edicts". He had continued: "Those states have not been blessed with the type of leadership to wage a fight in opposition to these federal encroachments, such as we have here in Virginia in the persons of [Senator] Harry Byrd and Governor Almond."

It suggests that North Carolinians would regard it as a dubious blessing as it became uncomfortably plain that the leaders in Virginia had ignored the best interests of their state and were now eating their bold words by which they had defied Federal law and squandered Virginia's public education in the process. It questions whether North Carolina, which had left the crucial choice between desegregation and school-closing to the localities, or Virginia, which had forced a statewide scheme on the localities, had "succumbed to senseless edicts".

It finds that Virginia rightly cherished its fine past, the ideals of its fertile tradition and great dynasties, but also finds it perhaps time for it to admit that it was looking to the past once too often and that its energy would be better expended in the battles of 1958 than of 1858, to cease mistaking arrogance for pride. It suggests that Virginia had labored under the South's common illusion, that in the complexities of an industrialized society, where rapid migration was changing every old balance, all it took to keep things the same was human muscle and rhetoric. Things would not remain the same and the many impersonal forces of a turbulent economy and social order could not be battered back, nor did one have to be an economic or other type of determinist to admit it.

No one liked to acknowledge impersonality or inevitability, least of all people for whom conservative agrarian stability had been a way of life from the beginning. Yet to scoff at and ignore the impersonal forces at work in the South's changing racial order, to seek a personal and helpless scapegoat to pillory, was to invite chaos. For unless the South, with responsibility and purposefulness mastered those forces for good, they would be riding the region bareback for generations.

You Magaville, USA, residents need to understand those basic truths, that there is no turning back the clock to the Nineteenth Century or the early Twentieth Century. The horse is long out of the barn, replaced by the mechanized age, and either it has to be dealt with on a realistic plane, restraining its worst tendencies to steamroll humanity out of existence, as was recognized so painfully out of the experience of worldwide depression wrought from the 1920's excesses, leading to the 1930's and the wartime era which followed, or planning indeed for the future will have to be only short-term, in terms of decades for human sustenance, not centuries. Climate change, foremost among the exigencies with which humankind must now deal, far more important to the future of mankind than transitory conflicts which will always be present among groups of individuals vying for limited resources, can neither be denied nor ascribed to some "natural forces" which are only cyclical, ignoring the while the impact of the industrial revolution of the previous 175 years.

That which has already been damaged will not naturally replenish without that realization and considerable reduction of those man-made forces which are destroying the environment in which we live on the earth. Science fiction and its technological fixes and happy-endings will not provide much comfort when the planet is so irremediably destroyed that increasingly erratic and destructive weather systems, evident already for more than the last 75 years, make human habitability of the environment a thing of the past. There will be no retreat to some distant planet or universe where all will be swell.

Grow up and realize that the Trump fantasy policies of trying to reverse time are rooted in the same fantasies that were his crazy ideas about a "stolen election" in 2020, in the same "alternative facts" that his giant Mall crowd size was at the 2017 inauguration, that were his insane delusions of raping, pillaging and plundering hordes of illegal immigrants flooding daily over the border at will, allowed by Democrats for some reason bent on destroying the country, which only he, the caped crusader, can now save, all being in the Never-never Land of Peter Pan, where under the pillow will be in the morning always a new, shiny Trump dollar in exchange for the tooth you had to have pulled for want of affordable dental care.

Walter Lippmann, in the concluding piece of his four-part series on his visit recently to Moscow, provides the second installment regarding his overall conclusions, having begun them on Saturday. He indicates that the old industrial countries of Western Europe and North America did not provide an example which the great, crowded, submerged masses could imitate, as could India, which he regards as the best example of a large country with a depressed population which could be significantly bolstered economically with American aid to appear to the neutral and fence-sitting nations as an example of capitalism at work to raise the standard of living of an impoverished large population to neutralize or defeat the Soviet propaganda regarding the Russian advance in 40 years since the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 and in nine years since the Communist Chinese revolution of 1949.

He had talked to some Communists in Moscow, with "Mr. K." not having been one of them, who believed that Communism was bound to rule the world eventually. And there were those in the West, likewise, who believed that Western Europe would be strangled eventually and would perish if it could no longer command and not merely purchase the oil and other natural resources of the old colonial territories. He regards both of those views as extreme, derived from the same human and common fallacy, that it was one world and that the social order to which one belonged had either to perish or become the universal order of mankind.

But viewing world history, the truth, he asserts, was that there had never been a universal state or a universal religion. He believes that the failure to recognize that there were many worlds and not just one was the ultimate source of confusion between the two sides and the most stubborn obstacle to mutual toleration of the very best which was conceivable between the two societies. The orthodox Leninist, whether a true believer or merely a conformist, believed that he knew the scheme of history, that the capitalistic world was bound to fight the Communist revolution unless the Communist parties captured the Western governments. In the West, there were those who believed also that they understood the scheme of history, that the line of all human progress was that taken by the West and that the Communist revolution was, therefore, a relapse and a diversion from that true line of progress, such that the Russians and Chinese were bound to return eventually to the Western line of progress.

He finds it all to be a misreading of the reality of things, as the Communist revolution, which had begun in Russia and spread to China, was not a repetition of the English and French revolutions but a new historical phenomenon which came from the convulsive awakening of the submerged masses demanding a better life for themselves. The dictators who led the massive uprising ruled the people despotically, but he believes it would be a rash individual who would think that the masses of backward people could be persuaded to accept the discipline and make the sacrifices necessary to the rapid transformation of capital in a primitive economy.

To a Westerner, the character of the revolution of the submerged masses was a terrible thing to contemplate, but the more one saw of it, the more one had to feel that while the Communist system was acceptable in the backward countries, it was unlikely to spread to the more advanced countries except as it was imposed by force. The Soviet system did not work and there was no reason to think that it would work in Eastern Europe, and Mr. Lippmann believes that the Soviet domination of East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary was precarious and impermanent.

He also believes that the rulers of Russia knew that fact and that if they could think, which they had not, of any safe way to disengage, they would eventually accept some such settlement. They were drawn toward Asia and away from Europe and the general posture of Moscow, as distinct from Leningrad, was to be turned toward Asia. Moscow was full of delegations of Asian peoples, many from the outlying parts of the Soviet Union and many from mainland China, many from South Asia and from the Moslem world. That gave to Moscow the aura of being the capital of a new order of things among the emerging peoples of Asia.

He had concluded his visit in Russia with the feeling that, barring a great catastrophe resulting from a war, the Communist system held no serious attraction for the highly developed Western countries, and that, as an experience and an example, it was irrelevant to them. Provided the West maintained the balance of deterrent power, he also feels confident that there was no military threat to the U.S., nor, unless something very stupid or desperate or reckless was done, to the principal allies in Europe.

The Communist system would, he believes, expand in Asia unless the West made an heroic effort of statesmanship to demonstrate that there was an alternative to it. But what might be described as a Communist conquest of Eastern Europe, as distinguished from the Communist expansion in Asia, was not stabilized and was not likely to be conclusive.

"If I am right in this summing-up, what the doctor would order for our people is that they relax their fears in order to fortify and clarify their purposes. We have to live on the same globe with the communist powers. But we do not live and we cannot live in the same intellectual and political world. Not now. Not in the foreseeable future. But formidable as the communists are, they are not ten feet tall, and the less we plunge ourselves into hysterics, the more likely we are to take good care of our affairs."

As we have fallen behind, there will be no further comment on the front page or editorial page of this date, the comments to be sporadic until we catch up.

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