Friday, February 22, 1946

The Charlotte News

Friday, February 22, 1946

THREE EDITORIALS

Site ed. Note: The front page reports that riots had resulted from the Royal Indian Navy seamen's mutiny in Bombay, the latter having control of ten small warcraft. The Bombay police chief stated that the city was in "absolute rebellion". The rioters beat, stabbed, stoned their victims, set fire to police and military vehicles, smashed store and bank windows, and looted. The death toll had reached around 50, with 250 others wounded. British soldiers, planes, and warships were hurrying toward the chaos. At Karachi, the HMIS Hindustan, a thousand-ton sloop, had been seized by mutineers, but the British fired on the vessel for 25 minutes, forcing surrender.

After opening fire on demonstrators in Cairo, the British were able to restore order following violent attacks the previous day on British military and civil offices, the attackers and demonstrators demanding withdrawal of British troops from Egypt.

More violence occurred in Palestine, with three mobile police camps having been attacked by Jews armed with guns and explosives. Three of the attackers were killed.

In Hong Kong, police fired on 300 persons, killing one Chinese.

British Indian troops repelled an attack by Indonesians in Bandoeng.

Izvestia charged in Moscow that Canadian Prime Minister MacKenzie King and British Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin were seeking to use the Canadian leak of atomic secrets "to undermine the growing international authority" of the Soviet Union.

In Oslo, charges of treason against Nobel Prize winning author Knut Hamsun had been dropped because of his age, 86, and his "mental deficiencies". In 1940, he had denounced efforts by the Norwegian Government to resist the Nazis and had visited Hitler at his headquarters in 1943.

Telephone company employees, numbering 150,000, voted to go on strike March 7 should their demands not be met by that date. Another 100,000 employees of A.T. & T. indicated they would respect the picket lines.

OPA announced that meat prices would likely rise to enable the Government-recommended wage hike to packinghouse workers. The industry had been taken over by the Government to end the strike.

Milk in Detroit was still lacking as a result of the third day of the dairy workers' strike for a 20-cent per hour increase in wages. Farmers, meanwhile, had dumped thousands of gallons of milk the previous day as they had no place to which to deliver it.

The mediator in the G.M. strike stated that he expected to receive word by midnight as to whether management and the UAW had reached agreement on all disputed issues. The strike had cost an estimated 106 million dollars in wages to date. The matter of wages, down to a penny's difference, remained unresolved.

The workers needed the extra $20 per annum for the two cloth coats for the wintertime and management did not wish to provide them.

In Philadelphia, some 200 children marched in support of their fathers, on strike at Westinghouse. One sign read, "To raise me right, my daddy's on strike."

If we were management, we would strike your little behind, too, you little Commie.

George Washington Boyhood Home Restoration, Inc., a foundation formed to restore Ferry Farm on the Rappahannock across from Fredericksburg, was committing the heresy of seeking to debunk the notion that George Washington had, per the legend created by Parson Weems, literally chopped down his father's cherry tree. In truth, said the foundation, he had only barked it. That was despite the fact that the Fredericksburg Chamber of Commerce had, in 1932, placed a marker on Ferry Farm designating the particular locus of the tree.

Parson Weems, basing his story on that of a woman who was a distant relative of President Washington and had, as a girl, spent time with the Washington family, had stated that young George, age 6, had taken his new hatchet to the cherry tree, of which he could not to his father then deny when confronted with the interrogatory.

Just how the foundation determined that he had only barked the tree, other than through intuitive processes re the ordinary strength imputed to a boy age six, is not imparted on the front page. Nor do we know either how big the cherry tree was, and, we note, cherry trees tend to have slender trunks, quite susceptible, with proper determination, of being chopped down with a few hatchet blows, assuming the hatchet sharp. So, if based primarily on intuition and not documentation, we would have to conclude the foundation to be a little wet.

The silver dollar across the Potomac at Mount Vernon, unless a very narrow section, a rivulet, begins, however, to beg credulity. But we did not have to chop wood everyday to remain warm and have light at night. So, arms may have been naturally stronger in those days.

A photograph of "Washington Crossing the Delaware" by Emanuel Leutze appears on the page, with the caption remarking that the painting had grown in popular interest in recent times, after having been relegated to a back room of New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art. Despite criticism of it through the decades by historians who found it inaccurate, it had, for Washington's Birthday, been hung in the Great Hall.

Hal Boyle, still in New Delhi, tells of his hobby, staying in "'Grand Hotels'", literally. The name appeared most frequently on inns across the international landscape. He wanted to be the man who had spent more nights in the "Grand" than anyone else.

His most memorable of them was the one in Calcutta. He had been assured it was the finest hotel in the Orient, with 500 rooms and 400 Indian waiters in the dining room. As he finished his meal, he received confirmation of the assertion, as thirteen waiters stood watch as he left his tip.

An Indian had wandered into his room uninvited, seeking to provide him a haircut, shampoo, and shave. When none of those suited, he offered a massage. He told Mr. Boyle that he was too fat. The nine British officers sharing the room with him also thought it a good idea for him to have the massage and so he acquiesced, receiving a good going over as the British officers watched, cross-legged. The Indian bounced his head against the headboards like a basketball and then tied him into all the knots in the Boy Scout's handbook. At the end of the session, Mr. Boyle was shaped as a pretzel, and the masseur would not unbend him until he was paid two rupees.

When the man promised to return the following day, Mr. Boyle caught the plane to Bombay. After finding the other hotels full, he wound up staying at the Grand Hotel.

Actress Margot Grahame had gone into seclusion after going to a dude ranch near Las Vegas.

On the editorial page, "The Two-Way Road to Peace" states that future British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan likely summed the British attitude regarding Russo-British-American relations when he stated before Commons that the Big Three alliance of the war was "virtually if not formally in abeyance".

Randolph Churchill, son of the former Prime Minister, had asserted in his column that the Russians had sought to split the Western alliance since the end of the war, stressing severance of the relations between the United States and Great Britain. He attributed to the Russians "global, totalitarian ambitions".

The Russians were indeed concentrating diplomatic efforts in the Mediterranean and Middle East, where British interests were established. Mr. Macmillan found this situation to threaten world peace.

With the common enemy gone, the old alliance of the war, never more than a military agreement by conveneince in any event, had evaporated. But the road to peace was a two-way street and, while the Russians had made no effort toward starting down it, neither had the West, maintaining preservation of the atomic secret until that nebulous time when the U.N. could guarantee security for the entire world. The problem with the stance, and the like stance of the Soviet Union, was that no nation could obtain security until all three mutually acquired it.

"Greetings and Salutations" comments on an abusive letter from Senator Theodore Bilbo of Mississippi to the secretary of the Southern Conference of Human Welfare, labeling the organization the number one enemy of the South. The Conference had published the letter proudly.

Senator Bilbo had begun his letter with "Dear Dombrowski", dropping "Mr." The better approach, asserts the piece, would have been simply to address his adversary with "Dear Sir".

At the end of the letter, Mr. Bilbo had signed his name under "Yours truly", appropriate but cold. The piece favors a simple signature without any parting.

It comments that at the time of the Founding, the convention among statesmen such as Washington and Jefferson was to address a letter, "I have the honor to remain Your Obedient Servant", which, by the time of Lincoln, had become "Y'r Ob't S'vt".

It favors adoption of a new convention, as correspondence was so rife with insult in modern times that traditional salutations beginning with "Dear" appeared outmoded. Shock might ensue from a letter beginning, "You heel", and ending with, "I have the pleasure of wishing you dead", and so the only solution appeared to be to telegraph messages, thus eliminating the need, by the cost per word, of having to follow the old conventions. The medium added the insult of its mode of delivery being via telephone, "in the flat, nasal tones of a young lady who mispronounces all two-syllable words."

"The Contrast in Chapel Hill" tells of the low salaries at the University of North Carolina with instructors receiving $1,400 per year and full professors $4,500. The Trustees Visiting Committee had proposed an increase to $1,800 for instructors and as high as $6,000 for full professors.

At $27 per week for instructors, they were earning little more than garbage collectors. Thus, citizens might expect a more radical bias among them than was liked. There were therefore many reasons for favoring higher salaries.

Harvard paid $15,000 and more to full professors. The University was ranked generally among the top ten institutions of higher learning in the country and so should be competitive in salaries with the other institutions in that category, especially as the war's reduction in the output of Ph.D's had produced greater competition for academics.

The higher pay scale being recommended was inadequate, asserts the piece, but would help assure continued excellence at the institution.

A piece from the Louisville Courier-Journal, titled "An American Fascist", examines the career of Charleston, South Carolina native Robert Best, former American journalist interned in Germany at the outset of the war at Bad Nautheim, but refusing repatriation to the United States along with other prisoners as part of a prisoner exchange program, instead opting to become a propagandist for the Nazis, now facing charges of treason in the United States.

Those journalists who had known him before the war as a leading correspondent out of Vienna recalled that he had a phobia regarding the subject of race, manifesting intense dislike for blacks. In Vienna, he gradually shifted his prejudice onto Jews, swept up in the anti-Semitic trend during the 1930's in Austria.

While Mr. Best had done little to impact American opinion during the war, he was an example of "what can happen to a man who allows the corrosive substance of race hatred to eat into his brain."

Drew Pearson recalls that a year earlier President Roosevelt had withdrawn the name of Henry Wallace from consideration as head of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to go along, as had been the recent tradition, with the duties of Secretary of Commerce, the position to which he was confirmed after the agreement that he would not also lead the RFC. Yet, George Allen had been confirmed during the week as chair of the RFC with very little cross-examination or debate, and without a roll-call vote.

One company of which Mr. Allen was vice-president, the Home Insurance Co., had been involved in the Pendergast Machine scandal in Kansas City. It involved paying a bribe of $750,000 to Tom Pendergast to compromise a lawsuit beneficial to Home Insurance and 14 other fire insurance companies. Home Insurance had paid $15,000 of the bribe money. Mr. Allen became vice-president of the company in 1938 during the Government probe which resulted in Mr. Pendergast being sent to prison. The position was given him, despite his lack of acumen in the insurance business, because he had friendly ties in Washington, right up to the White House.

The insurance lobby was able to get the insurance companies exempted from the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, avoiding the indictment by the Justice Department of the insurance companies, including Home. The insurance executives who had paid $330,000 of the bribe to Mr. Pendergast avoided jail.

One of the first things President Truman had done after becoming President was to fire Maurice Milligan, the U.S. Attorney who had prosecuted Tom Pendergast.

The Senate, he suggests, should have investigated more diligently into the ties of Mr. Allen before confirmation, as he now had authority as chairman of RFC to promote Government loans to insurance companies or to other firms owing money to insurance companies.

Marquis Childs discusses the likely inadequacy of the new wage-price formula of the Administration to meet the problems of strikes in the large industries as long as Government turned a blind eye to such matters as a recent meeting between the head of G.M. and leaders of steel, meatpacking, and other industries, the purpose of which had not been disclosed. If the large companies intended to use the strikes to break the unions, then the public had a right to know of that intent and the Congress ought inquire of the issue.

Industry was sitting on top of 50 billion dollars in net working capital, though industry claimed it an illusory figure because it included inventory and there was no assurance of profits from this inventory. In addition, because of the tax carryback provisions regarding the excess war profits tax to be refunded, business would receive about 550 million dollars in tax refunds, reducing Government revenues in the past quarter to their lowest levels since 1938.

Samuel Grafton tells of the lack of coherent occupation policy by the United States in Germany, whereas the Russians were placing their efforts in cultivating leftist interests within Germany while also feeding the population in their sector and only lightly de-Nazifying. America had been led astray, he suggests, by the isolationists in combination with the well-meaning Quakers and other humanitarian groups into interpreting the Potsdam agreement, specifying that Germany would have no higher standard of living than its neighbors, to mean that it should have an equal standard, resulting in the U.S. underwriting a recovery program for Germany to the exclusion of the Allied countries in Europe.

While criticism had emerged regarding lack of de-Nazification, as in the case of the late General Patton in October, the result had been for the Americans to eliminate more Nazis from administrative positions than had either the British or Germans.

The result was an American policy which was both "hard" and "soft" in implementing the peace, but lacked any direction toward encouraging a free system based on American democracy. The Russians, however, were not chary about imposing their own system on the Eastern sector.

Another pair of letters vote to keep "Mr. Breger" in the comic strips on the back page of the newspaper.

A letter offers support to the former WAC who had written a letter in complaint of her lack of employment opportunities.

A letter writer addresses one of the arguments against the FEPC bill, that it would foster a rejuvenation of miscegenation, marriage across the color line. He refers to the line of a letter of February 12 which had been sent in support of the filibuster of the FEPC bill, calling it "a real atomic": "Or would you just sit still until one day our off-springs show up to be picaninnies, or what have you?"

The present letter asserts that blacks were no longer in favor of miscegenation, as found by Swedish sociologist Gunnar Myrdal in An American Dilemma, finding it ranked tenth among things desired by African-Americans. (The letter oversimplifies, however, the general finding, Mr. Myrdal having found the notion to be probably a function of the general white attitude at the time regarding racial inferiority of blacks, leading to a sense of black pride born of the experience that black women who had sexual relations with white men were generally cast off and not married, thus leading black opinion to reject miscegenation.)

The letter then states that if children were raised correctly, there would be no fear of miscegenation. "Besides, how would a Negro ever get into your social circle enough to have a chance to become attractive to one of the whites?" Mere equality of jobs would not so permit the enjoyment of sufficient good times together to enable love and marriage between members of different races.

In New York, which had its own version of FEPC, there remained segregation between the different ethnic groups.

He asserts that the South had more "equality" among the races than the North, as demonstrated by the greater number of complaints in Northern cities than in Southern cities when FEPC functioned as an executive committee during the war. (He neglects in this suggestion the fact that Southern cities generally had fewer war industries than those of the North, being less industrialized and therefore less equipped at the start of the war to facilitate rapid conversion of plants to war production. The wartime FEPC, not being the subject separately of legislation, created by the President pursuant to his wartime powers, was devoted exclusively to insuring equality in jobs in companies under Government war contracts.)

He concludes that the argument that miscegenation would be encouraged by the FEPC was an emotional one without basis.

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