Site Ed. Note: The front page reports that the opposition witnesses to the U. N. Charter began appearing before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. One, Mrs. Agnes Waters of Washington, D.C., a witness who often appeared at committee hearings, denounced the Charter as an "international fraud" and then sought to continue talking after her allotted fifteen minutes, was escorted from the Caucus Room by a Capitol policeman.

"What we need is a good old-fashioned American revolution," she shouted as she left the room.

Another witness said that he represented the United Nations of Earth Association, of which he was the sole member.

The only nationally known witness was W. E. B. DuBois of the N.A.A.C.P., who called the Charter contradictory in its pledges of racial equality and urged only clarification through a Senate reservation on the issue.

The Chinese had recaptured Sincheng in Kiangsi Province, a former American airbase and the fifth recaptured, and were advancing toward Kanhsien, 210 miles northeast of Canton, to which Japanese forces were fleeing. Sincheng had been abandoned by the Americans on January 29. Communications lines to Kanhsien were cut off by the cutting of the lines to Kukong. The other four liberated bases were Liuchow, Yungning, Tauchung, and Suichwan.

Also captured was Nankang on the Kiangsi-Kwangtung highway, fifteen miles southwest of Kanhsien. In Kwangsi Province, Chinese troops had captured Chengtu, 30 miles northeast of Liuchow, and advanced forty miles to the east to the inland port of Wuchow. Chungtu was cleared of enemy troops. On July 1, Chinese troops had captured a point 4.5 miles west of another former American base, Paoching.

Tokyo radio reported new raids by 150 Thunderbolts and Mustangs on the east coast and south of Kyushu. The broadcast stated that the American Third Fleet which had delivered a thousand planes in the raids of the previous day, had withdrawn a considerable distance south.

Admiral Nimitz confirmed that 154 Japanese planes had been destroyed in the raids, but only two had been airborne at the time.

Some 35,000 troops returned from Europe to New York Harbor this date aboard the Queen Mary and the West Point. The regiments and battalions returning are listed. Redeployment had now reached 500,000.

The House approved a revised G. I. bill of rights after deleting a bonus provision for all servicemen which had been proposed by Congressman John Rankin of Mississippi to give every veteran with at least 90 days service $1,040, an amount provided those discharged servicemen unable to obtain employment.

The third in the series of articles on excerpts from the notebook of Hermann Goering appears, recounting his meeting with French Ambassador to Berlin, Francois Poncet, on the afternoon of October 3, 1938, just three days after the signing of the Munich Pact. M. Poncet, according to Herr Goering, had just returned from Paris after long talks with French Premier Edward Daladier. He told Herr Goering that Daladier had great confidence in Hitler but that leftists in France were seeking to undermine Daladier's power.

The piece points out that Daladier had shifted his views on Hitler several times during this period and was in fact convinced that he had sold out Czechoslovakia to Hitler by agreeing to the Munich Pact. After an overwhelming vote of confidence, however, in the Chamber of Deputies, he became increasingly anti-Leftist and anti-Soviet. It further indicates that, according to Daladier, himself, M. Poncet did not actually see Daladier in Paris on this visit. Goering apparently heard what he wanted to hear during the conference.

Herr Goering then received the Czech Minister to Berlin, Vojtech Masiny. The talk concentrated on better future relations between Germany and Czechoslovakia.

President Truman, aboard the cruiser Augusta, was preparing for his Big Three meeting in Potsdam, scheduled to start on Monday. The Augusta was the same ship on which President Roosevelt had sailed to Newfoundland in August, 1941 to meet with Prime Minister Churchill to form the Atlantic Charter. Accompanying the Augusta was the cruiser Philadelphia. The Augusta was to sail to a northern European port, from which the President would be flown aboard a C-54 transport plane to Berlin.

Unlike FDR, prior to both Tehran and Yalta, President Truman intended no prior consultation with Prime Minister Churchill, to avoid giving the appearance to the Russians of having made independent agreements with the British. Of course, both of the prior Big Three meetings had occurred during the course of the European war and required some consultation on British-American strategy prior to meeting with Premier Stalin.

With the weather turning colder in the northern climes, the President donned a brown fall suit for his usual 6:00 a.m. promenade about the deck. He also wore a salt-and-pepper hat.

Strikes continued to plague the country as a walkout of about 1,000 dairy employees in Detroit prevented delivery of 30 percent of the milk service in the city.

New Secretary of Agriculture Clinton Anderson urged the people of the United States and the world to realize that there were acute shortages of food and that the U. S. could not feed the world.

A 44-year old grandmother was charged in Media, Pa., with killing her granddaughter. The child, whose father had been killed in the fighting in Italy without ever having seen her, was found with welts and bruises on its body. The grandmother contended that the child had "become balky" and so she had "patted" her to try to make her behave.

The Office of Defense Transportation ordered that race and show horses be prohibited from traveling on common carriers and by rail. The action was undertaken in the face of reports that horses were being shipped across the country, taking up precious rail cargo space and other common carrier space. The restriction virtually limited horse racing to tracks already operating. Since the ban imposed in January on horse racing had been lifted on May 9, horse racing had enjoyed record crowds and record betting.

No more buses, however, for the thoroughbreds.

Russian-born Abraham Bitle and his wife were allowed to change their name in Philadelphia to Biddle in the face of protest by Major Charles J. Biddle, World War I flying ace. The Bitles's attorney pointed out that the city directory contained 175 Biddles, including laborers and junk dealers.

So, all's well which bodes well in the "Bitter Battle" over the Bitles becoming Biddles.

On the editorial page, "Ancient Shadow" describes Judge Hoyle Sink's address to the Mecklenburg Grand Jury, explaining that grand juries were relics of the past, too expensive to maintain given their limited utility. But they were Constitutionally required in North Carolina because no one could be charged on a felony in the state except by bill of indictment from a Grand Jury. It was so by the 1868 Constitution, even though the defendant stood ready to plead guilty.

"A Volunteer" tells of a talk by a businessman from Louisville to a group of bankers at Chapel Hill urging that government did not need to provide the 60 million new jobs promised by FDR to achieve full employment. Business conditions would serve to bring about those jobs in the normal course. He did not, however, indicate how long such a process would take.

"Patter Under Fire" reports that Japanese propaganda was promoting the idea that America was in the first phase of a war with Russia, that after taking Okinawa, every bomb dropped on Japan caused Russia to shudder.

"Talking Budget" expresses the concern of William L. Shirer, author of Berlin Diary, with regard to the depletion of the budget of the Office of War Information by the House at a time when the other Allies continued to operate their war information services. The concern was that the world would hear the propaganda of the other Big Four nations, but not that of the United States.

Samuel Grafton had recently pointed out, however, that the overall British budget for the program, the equivalent of 33 million dollars, was comparable to that of OWI.

The excerpt from the Congressional Record has Representative Mike Monroney of Oklahoma and Representative Alfred Bulwinkle of North Carolina discussing something to do with cotton and textile mills and price controls, but unfortunately it is too dim to discern beyond that general scope of the topic.

Drew Pearson remarks that Washington was planning for a full summer recess and looked more normal than it had at any time since before Pearl Harbor. Yet, while more peaceful, Washington was still crowded with returning G.I.'s and Government workers. The "Truman boys" had also come to town, some from Missouri, some from California, home of Ed Pauley, former Democratic National Committee treasurer, and some were the "Battery K" men, those who had served with Captain Truman in World War I, most of whom just wanted to say hello while others sought jobs in the Government.

—Yeah, Bob. See? They did it, too. But did they get caught? No, they made that motion picture about him right after my scandal.

Mr. Pearson predicts that since President Truman had been opposed to wire-tapping as a Senator, he would soon clip the wings of these aides.

—Yeah, well, some people aren't as loyal to their staff as others.

Brig. General Harry Vaughan was one of the "Battery K" boys who had the President's ear regularly, but less so in recent weeks.

Labor leaders who had contributed millions to Roosevelt in 1944 now complained that they could get nothing from Democrats on the Hill and were threatening to move over to the Republicans in 1946.

The Republicans were meanwhile looking for issues, and hoped that Truman would create some for them in the coming months.

Truman Cabinet appointments so far had been popular, especially Judge Lewis Schwellenbach as the new Secretary of Labor.

He points out that many of the Roosevelt holdovers were planning to leave. Undersecretary of Interior Abe Fortas planned soon to resign and enter private law practice. He would be heard from again twenty years later, when President Johnson appointed him to the Supreme Court and then appointed him Chief Justice in 1968 to replace resigning Chief Earl Warren, only to cause a firestorm, leading eventually to Justice Fortas's resignation from the Court within less than a year.

The last Democratic Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, incidentally, was Fred Vinson, appointed in 1946 at the death of Chief Justice Harlan Stone. Chief Justice Stone had been elevated by FDR in 1941 to the post but was originally appointed as a Republican by President Coolidge. Every Chief since 1953 has been a Republican appointed by a Republican President.

Prior to 1946, the last previous Democratic Chief had been Edward White, elevated by President Taft in 1910, having been originally appointed to the Court by Grover Cleveland in 1894. Justice White was a proponent of segregation, voted with the majority in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896, and helped Thomas Dixon in 1915 arrange for the entire Supreme Court to have a viewing, along with a joint session of Congress and President Wilson, of the new D. W. Griffith film "Birth of a Nation", based on Mr. Dixon's pair of racist books, The Leopard's Spots of 1903 and The Clansman of 1905. The story went that Chief Justice White was about to ask Mr. Dixon to leave his chambers after he became aware that his mission was to promote a film, which the Chief decried as cheap entertainment, until he was informed that the subject matter was the Civil War and the birth during Reconstruction of the Ku Klux Klan.

Prior to Chief Justice White, Melville Fuller had also been appointed by President Cleveland, during his first term in 1888. Roger B. Taney, who presided over the infamous Dred Scott decision of 1857, allowing fugitive slaves to be returned as chattel to their owners though escaped into non-slaveholding states, was appointed by Andrew Jackson.

Thus, in the history of the country, there have been only four Democratic Chief Justices, one of whom was appointed by a Republican President, and only four confirmed appointments of Chiefs by Democratic Presidents. That the four Democrats turned out not so hot is beside the point.

Justice Fortas, a liberal from Texas, was forced to withdraw from his appointment as Chief by an alignment of conservative Republicans and segregationist Democrats of the South who filibustered the nomination to death.

As to surplus war property, whole hospital units, Mr. Pearson informs, were going to be given to cities and towns short on medical facilities after the war. Schools would receive Army radios as a gift. Those schools desirous of teaching aviation could obtain a B-26 bomber for $300.

Just don't let the hot rodders have a go at it.

Marquis Childs reviews the career of retiring Supreme Court Justice Owen Roberts, found him to have been conservative, but without the "bitterness" of Justice James McReynolds and without the "stubborn determination" of Justice Willis Van Devanter. Often a dissenter in later years, Justice Roberts had provided the majority opinion striking down the Agricultural Adjustment Act.

Justice Roberts had increasingly become disturbed by the level of acrimony on the Court, especially that between Justice Jackson and Justice Black, having been a student of the time when the Court avoided with collegiality the stew of politics. Despite his conservatism, his best friend on the Court had been Justice Louis Brandeis, a liberal in the old tradition. Justice Brandeis had talked Justice Roberts out of resigning after his trusteeship retained after coming on the Court became the subject of controversy. Thinking that it might bring dishonor on the Court, he contemplated leaving, but Justice Brandeis told him that as he had done nothing wrong, leaving would therefore in fact dishonor the Court. He stayed.

Now, says Mr. Childs, he was resigning from the confusion "like a latter-day Roman", returning to the quietude of his farm in Pennsylvania.

Samuel Grafton urges consideration of the fact that what America could accomplish in the occupation of Germany would echo to Japan and could lead, depending on the results, to surrender or a prolonged war.

A letter from a soldier sent by a reader who had acquired it from a friend explains the plight of the returning veteran who did not wish to be treated as society's guinea pig, to have to undergo intensive psychiatric evaluation to determine fitness to re-enter civilian life. Having made the ultimate sacrifice, the men wanted to be treated normally. Having endured battle, he assures, they could readily readjust to civilian life without difficulty.