Monday, March 5, 1945

The Charlotte News

Monday, March 5, 1945

THREE EDITORIALS

Site Ed. Note: The front page reports that the First Army had moved into Cologne at 7:10 a.m. and had advanced a mile, driving through the northern Bickendorf section of the city to within 2.5 miles of the main cathedral. Capture of the city was expected by Thursday morning. The 104th Division Infantry moved from the west while the Third Armored Division entered from the north, through the suburbs of Bockelemuend. The city lay under a dense cloud of smoke from artillery fire as resistance was relatively light from the remaining German defenders, consisting of remnants of six tank divisions and Volksgrenadiers.

The Germans had blown two of the Rhine bridges to Duisburg, north and south of Homberg, which had surrendered at 3:00 a.m. The 84th Infantry Division had been engaged in attempting to seize the bridges when they were destroyed.

Despite snow and rain over much of Europe, four hundred American heavy bombers, escorted by 600 fighters, attacked Chemnitz, in support of the Russian advance. About 250 RAF heavy bombers struck oil refineries at Harburg, near Hamburg, and the benthol plant at Gelsenkirchen.

On Sunday, about 1,600 American and British heavy bombers hit railyards at Ulm, 50 miles southeast of Stuttgart, and Wanneickel, one of the largest rail centers in the Ruhr. Three bombers and two fighters were reported to have been lost.

Other hits were made on the V-bomb launching sites still remaining along the Netherlands coast, and railways leading to the sites were severed in a number of places.

The night before, RAF Mosquitos hit Essen and Berlin, with no losses reported.

During the previous eight days, the Eighth Air Force had lost 74 bombers and 49 fighters out of 14,000 planes flying missions.

On the Eastern Front, the First White Russian Army captured Stargard, 19 miles east of Stettin, and pushed the Germans back to the outskirts of that city on the Baltic. Naugard, following a nine-mile advance from Daber, had also been occupied. The Second White Russian Army, taking 600 localities in a four-day 62-mile thrust to the Baltic in two places, left numerous Volkssturm troops dead in its wake.

Three pockets of Germans, estimated to total 200,000, were now trapped in the 150-mile stretch between Kolberg and Danzig. New drives threatened to push all Germans from Pomerania.

In Italy, the Fifth Army had captured Monte Della Groce and improved further their position west of the Bologna-Pistola Highway, in the sector southwest of Bologna, adjacent to captured Monte Belvedere.

In the Adriatic sector, units of the Eighth Army, comprised of British and Italian troops, had further cleared the forests south of the Po Di Primaro River, an extension of the Reno River flowing to the Adriatic.

On Iwo Jima, the Marines battling for the remaining northern sector of the island made limited gains on Sunday while repulsing a banzai counterattack by the Japanese.

The central Suribachi volcano on the island began spouting steam on Sunday and the Marines quickly made use of it to heat up their C-rations, the first warm meals many of them had enjoyed in several days.

The total enemy dead since the operation had begun February 21 now numbered 12,864 of an estimated 20,000 total defenders of the island. Only 81 prisoners had been captured, most of whom were Korean laborers.

Already, crippled B-29 bombers returning from raids on Japan were utilizing Motoyama No. 1 captured February 22. Nearly half of the B-29 losses had occurred on the return leg of the 1,500 mile journey from Japan to Saipan or Tinian, a distance now cut in half by the Iwo airfields. The taking of the airfields had also eliminated the threat of attacks on the Marianas from that source, the principal origin of attacks by the enemy prior to the capture.

On Luzon, the American infantry were pushing deeper into the northern mountainous end of the island, along the Balete Pass road, the Villa Verde Trail, and the Ambayabang River, east and south of Baguio, the Philippine summer capital. Filipino guerillas, under the command of Col. R. W. Volckman, had cleared nearly an entire province along the north coast.

In and around Manila, amid final clean-up operations, the Americans continued to push eastward from the city to secure its water supply which the Japanese were threatening to cut off by blowing the city's dams.

Fred Vinson, future Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, to be appointed in 1946 by President Truman, was appointed by President Roosevelt to be Federal Loan Administrator, the position which had been deemed controversial for Henry Wallace to hold as now confirmed Secretary of Commerce, holding up his confirmation for weeks until a bill had passed to take the lending duties out of the purview of Commerce. Formerly, Secretary of Commerce Jesse Jones had been the Loan Administrator for the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Judge Vinson had been Economic Stabilization Director for the prior two years. The appointment appeared to have bi-partisan support, including Southern Democrats, such as Senator Josiah W. Bailey of North Carolina, who had been a leader in the fight against the confirmation of Mr. Wallace with the RFC lending powers intact.

Lady Montgomery, mother of Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery, had written to her son that she had predicted the war in Europe to be over by March 23 and expected him to carry out the directive.

General Montgomery would, this time, be unable to be completely obedient to his mother's wishes, but very nearly so.

Give it another six weeks, Ma.

On the editorial page, "Action Now" begins by stating in error that it had been four years since Tom Jimison's report on Morganton State Hospital for the Insane had appeared in the pages of The News and caused a firestorm of controversy and resulting changes in the hospital's method of operation. The report actually had appeared in late January and early February of 1942.

In any event, the piece asserts that, while progress had been made in the interim, it was insufficient. Within the previous month, the hospital board had insisted on selecting a new business manager handpicked by the Superintendent, Dr. J. A. Saunders, rather than one appointed by the existing general business manager of the institution.

The Legislature, with Governor Gregg Cherry's support, then went about trying to pass a bill drafted by the existing business manager and the assistant budget director, to select board members at all state hospitals from Congressional districts and to eliminate the executive committees then extant at each institution. Thus far, however, the bill had languished in committee, meeting substantial opposition, primarily from the existing hospital board at Morganton. A compromise was being sought.

The piece advocates that some bill of the sort be passed.

"Double Standard" examines the disparity between the often amended state constitutions of the land and the seldom amended Federal Constitution, then on the 21st Amendment, with the first ten of the Bill of Rights having been ratified with the original document, and two of the eleven since having had to do with institution and then repeal of Prohibition, thus leaving effectively only nine amendments ratified since the founding in 1787. By contrast, there had been nearly 2,500 amendments to state constitutions, an average of 52 per state.

The editorial cites the difference in reference to the President's speech of the previous Thursday regarding the Yalta Conference and the prospect of chartering the United Nations at San Francisco, the conference slated to begin on April 25. The President had asserted that the charter would not be perfect, could be amended through time, but was a definite need as a starting point to maintain world peace and avoid another world war.

It ventures no opinion as to why Americans were loathe to tinker with the Federal document while more than willing to change state constitutions.

The primary reason, we suggest, is that it is much easier to get consent in a statewide referendum on constitutional changes in any given state than it is to obtain national solidarity of three-fourths of the states, necessary to ratify proposed amendments. The population of the country is far more diverse politically than the population of any given state. The tendency is that birds of a feather flock together, for the most part. And, some of the birds are patently crazy, obviously--which is why we have proposed flag amendments and prayer-in-school amendments, and other such nonsense having no place in anyone's constitution, meant as a structure for government through time, setting forth its powers and limits on power. No constitution should be a forum for inevitably transitory moral stands and premises, to limit freedom of the people. None of the founding document's wisdom does that. For the Founders were not silly ninnies running around thinking their way or the highway, the Hitler Doctrine.

Since 1945, incidentally, the Constitution has been amended only five times, to limit to two elected terms the holding by any one person of the office of the presidency, to allow the District of Columbia to vote in presidential elections, the abolition of the poll tax, the affording of the ability of the President to appoint a new Vice-President upon the vacation of that position by the existing Vice-President, and the lowering of the voting age to 18 from 21.

A 27th Amendment, of some doubtful validity, albeit moot in any event, has to do with the effective date of Congressional pay raises being beyond the term of the Congress passing them, and, technically, may have been ratified in 1992 despite its having been proposed in 1789. But its doubtful validity has not been tested thus far in the courts, the issue being whether there is in fact a point at which the doctrine of laches serves to wash out any prospect of ratifying moribund amendments never ratified in the time of their passage, the only reasonable result which would avoid sneak attacks on society by smart alecks.

"In All Directions" laments the tangled web into which the state's liquor and dry interests had become enmeshed. The proposal for a statewide liquor referendum had been defeated without arousing the ire of the dry interests, who realized that having such a referendum with many servicemen abroad would not have been wise. The beer organization wanted to be divorced from wine interests in proposed legislation. The Revenue Bill had included an amendment to tax wine by a dollar per gallon and to allocate $20,000 for experimental grape growing within the state.

The piece recommends a study of the legislation to try to straighten things out, that too little compromise between wet and dry forces had been the rule of the day.

The excerpt from the Congressional Record finds Representatives John Rankin of Mississippi and Dewey Short of Missouri, both veteran Red-baiters, in agreement during debate with regard to the need to ferret out and oust from the ranks of Army and Navy officers any Communists. Congressman Rankin had cited a case in which Attorney General Francis Biddle had denounced an unnamed person as a Communist who then subsequently received a commission.

Mr. Rankin pointed out that within the previous week, a leak had developed on the Western Front whereby the Germans were made aware of Allied plans. Mr. Rankin believes the source to have been just such a Communist. He likewise asserted that some Japanese within the armed forces may have tipped the Japanese on Iwo Jima of the coming invasion. Thus, the Marines were dying by the thousands on that island.

Despite Mr. Short's ready lapdog concurrence to everything Mr. Rankin stated, neither offered, at least in the abstract from the Record printed, a shred of evidence to support the claims.

Nor would it have made any sense for Communists to be aiding either the Germans or Japanese, especially the Nazis, who hated the Communists with a passion and vice versa. Nor was there any evidence that any Japanese-American soldier had done so.

As usual, Mr. Rankin had let his emotions rule his reason to the point of complete idiocy in his stark pronouncements against, not only an invaluable ally, but also against brave men in service, tending to create suspicion and disrupt morale. Just how much the Congressman's Nazi sponsors paid him to do this bit of rebel-rousing is not stated, but we speculate on it with a good deal more probity than that of the Congressman in his exercise in pure speculation.

As to the other boy, Short, he may have simply been stupid.

Drew Pearson states that grumbling was being heard regarding the prospect of a coal strike come April 1 in the bituminous coal industry. Blame was being laid on President Roosevelt for not appointing a new Secretary of Labor to replace Frances Perkins, twelve years on the job and wishing to resign since 1941. It was also thought that guaranteeing miners an annual wage, to offset the peacetime prospect of being laid off during a third of the year, would eliminate the tendency to demand a wage increase and thus avert a strike. Additionally, it had been proposed that coal mine representatives be appointed to local OPA boards to insure maintenance of the cost of living.

None of these proposals, however, had, as yet, been undertaken.

He next recounts a colloquy between Senator McCarran of Nevada and Secretary of Interior Harold Ickes during confirmation hearings of Nathan Margold to the Federal bench. Mr. Ickes had stated that he was amicable and peace-loving, did not like fights, legal or otherwise, to which Senator McCarran suddenly interrupted to inquire as to what Mr. Ickes had said. He repeated it and Senator McCarran asked him whether it was a statement of fact, to which Mr. Ickes gave assurance that it was. Senator McCarran smiled and told him to proceed.

Finally, the column relates that, in addition to the fact of Count Sforza's anti-monarchical stand in Italy, Churchill had vetoed his appointment as Foreign Minister of Italy during the fall for the reason that, while head of the Italian war crimes tribunal, Count Sforza had deliberately leaked information that two of those on trial, Generals Roatta and Carboni, had provided intelligence to both the British Secret Service and the Germans at the same time, following the Allied invasion of Italy in September, 1943. The fact proved embarrassing to the British Secret Service and, as a result, the Prime Minister nixed any role for Count Sforza thereafter in the Italian government.

Marquis Childs, once again in Paris, reports that no responsible observer expected an early end to the war in Europe. Past miscalculations had led to hesitancy to venture further predictions. Most believed that it would persist into early summer, possibly longer. Casualties might yet exceed those suffered by the Americans during the Battle of the Bulge.

The men of the Army were disturbed by reports that the war might be over in a few days, suggesting that the fight ahead was merely cleaning-up operations, when, in fact, hard fighting still lay in store to achieve victory. There had been signs of crumbling German defenses, such as along the Roer River, but to what extent that condition would become pervasive was not yet known. And Berlin surely could not be taken without a prolonged fight, one calculated to be as the Russian defense of Stalingrad against the Nazi onslaught in 1942-43, by every man, woman, and child, regardless of age. The Russian siege recently of Budapest had taken some six weeks to crumble German and Hungarian will to resist. Moreover, even before Berlin, the Allies had to exceed the formidable Nazi defense lines strewn along the Ruhr and Rhine.

Samuel Grafton reports that Chester Bowles, head of the Office of Price Administration, had asked Congress to extend the life of OPA by 18 months. Heretofore, Congress had been stingy with extensions, in the apparent hope that, should the war end, the life of OPA would shortly thereafter expire.

Mr. Grafton asks whether price controls should be allowed to lapse at the end of the war when it would take industry 6 to 12 months to convert back to peacetime production. It would take the automobile industry four years, by estimates, to reach the pre-war production stream. Housing starts were off during the war by 1.2 million. Following World War I, New York State had continued rent control for about eight years.

He suggests that arbitrary deadlines for ending price control be abandoned in favor of a sensible study to determine when civilian demand roughly would match production after the war. The original reason for price control was not just that a war was on, but that the conditions had created an artificial imbalance between supply and demand, in need of control therefore to avoid inflation.

A piece compiled by the editors indicates that the 79th Congress was younger than the 78th, dropping average age among the portion of the third of the Senators replaced from 57˝ to 50 and in the House, the age of Representatives replaced from 57 to 48. Three new Senators, William Fulbright of Arkansas, and Warren Magnuson and Hugh Mitchell, both of Washington, were under 40. Four others, including Wayne Morse of Oregon, were under 45. There were six more college graduates among the new Senators.

A letter writer expresses, as perhaps a harbinger of victory soon to come in the war, that young boys who had been spending the winter months fighting in several foxholes in her back yard, dying and wounded aplenty, had now abandoned the battle front for the front yard, where they were down on their knees shooting marbles.

Honest to goodness, we had never heard until today the song sung by Jose Jimenez, "Botas de Charro", to which we linked just today, adding it underneath the latter paragraphs of Saturday's note, as we are sometimes prone to do through a weekend. It contains the line, as translated in English: "And today I'm going to change my destiny/ And in a cantina I exchanged/ My marbles for glasses of wine." Again, we do not read ahead, except in very limited circumstances, of which this was not one.

In any event, we wish to make the point again, as we did two years ago, that Lee Oswald ordering a Mannlicher rifle in March, 1963, given that rifle's mention in Kim by Rudyard Kipling, is an astonishing coincidence, when Mongoose, the CIA-conceived operation to overthrow or assassinate Fidel Castro, derived its name from The Jungle Book by Kipling. Mongoose was top secret in November, 1963. No one would have known the name unless they were privy to inside government information. But, we are expected, among many other such coincidences, to regard it as one of those quirky things, or to believe that Lee Oswald was brilliant enough to be entirely psychic, and yet stupid enough to kill the President of the United States. As we have pointed out, there are manifold other coincidences between specific and delimited pieces of literature and specific aspects of Dealey Plaza, of the crowd on Elm and the select few on the adjacent green of the Plaza at the time of the assassination, and specific parts of the evidence supposedly linking Oswald to the supposed assassin's nest on the sixth floor of the Book Depository.

Whatever the case, this was the more salutary part of that otherwise darkest of recent days in history, the part worth keeping in mind.

"Why, let the strucken deer go weep,
The hart ungalled play,
For some must watch, while some must sleep,
Thus runs the world away."

Hamlet, III. ii. 271-74

Another consultation took place in the forward part of the scow, at which both Judith and Hetty were present. As no danger could now approach unseen, immediate uneasiness had given place to the concern which attended the conviction that enemies were in considerable force on the shores of the lake, and that they might be sure no practicable means of accomplishing their own destruction would be neglected. As a matter of course Hutter felt these truths the deepest, his daughters having an habitual reliance on his resources, and knowing too little to appreciate fully all the risks they ran; while his male companions were at liberty to quit him at any moment they saw fit. His first remark showed that he had an eye to the latter circumstance, and might have betrayed, to a keen observer, the apprehension that was just then uppermost.

"We've a great advantage over the Iroquois, or the enemy, whoever they are, in being afloat," he said.

"There's not a canoe on the lake that I don't know where it's hid; and now yours is here. Hurry, there are but three more on the land, and they're so snug in hollow logs that I don't believe the Indians could find them, let them try ever so long."

"There's no telling that—no one can say that," put in Deerslayer; "a hound is not more sartain on the scent than a red-skin, when he expects to get anything by it. Let this party see scalps afore 'em, or plunder, or honor accordin' to their idees of what honor is, and 't will be a tight log that hides a canoe from their eyes."

"You're right, Deerslayer," cried Harry March; "you're downright Gospel in this matter, and I rej'ice that my bunch of bark is safe enough here, within reach of my arm. I calcilate they'll be at all the rest of the canoes afore to-morrow night, if they are in ra'al 'arnest to smoke you out, old Tom, and we may as well overhaul our paddles for a pull."

"The great King of Kings
Hath in the table of his law commanded,
That thou shalt do no murder.
Take heed; for he holds vengeance in his hand,
To hurl upon their heads that break his law."

Richard III, I. iv. 195-97 199-200.

That the party to which Hist compulsorily belonged was not one that was regularly on the war path, was evident by the presence of females. It was a small fragment of a tribe that had been hunting and fishing within the English limits, where it was found by the commencement of hostilities, and, after passing the winter and spring by living on what was strictly the property of its enemies, it chose to strike a hostile blow before it finally retired. There was also deep Indian sagacity in the manoeuvre which had led them so far into the territory of their foes. When the runner arrived who announced the breaking out of hostilities between the English and French—a struggle that was certain to carry with it all the tribes that dwelt within the influence of the respective belligerents—this particular party of the Iroquois were posted on the shores of the Oneida, a lake that lies some fifty miles nearer to their own frontier than that which is the scene of our tale.

To have fled in a direct line for the Canadas would have exposed them to the dangers of a direct pursuit, and the chiefs had determined to adopt the expedient of penetrating deeper into a region that had now become dangerous, in the hope of being able to retire in the rear of their pursuers, instead of having them on their trail. The presence of the women had induced the attempt at this ruse, the strength of these feebler members of the party being unequal to the effort of escaping from the pursuit of warriors. When the reader remembers the vast extent of the American wilderness, at that early day, he will perceive that it was possible for even a tribe to remain months undiscovered in particular portions of it; nor was the danger of encountering a foe, the usual precautions being observed, as great in the woods, as it is on the high seas, in a time of active warfare.

The encampment being temporary, it offered to the eye no more than the rude protection of a bivouac, relieved in some slight degree by the ingenious expedients which suggested themselves to the readiness of those who passed their lives amid similar scenes. One fire, that had been kindled against the roots of a living oak, sufficed for the whole party; the weather being too mild to require it for any purpose but cooking. Scattered around this centre of attraction, were some fifteen or twenty low huts, or perhaps kennels would be a better word, into which their different owners crept at night, and which were also intended to meet the exigencies of a storm.

--from The Deerslayer, by James Fenimore Cooper, Chaps. V and XI


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